Interaction effects of inorganic, organic and liquid bio-inoculants on yield attributes, yield and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan). The experiment was laid out randomized block design (factorial) with comprised combinations of six fertility levels and four liquid bioinoculants. The results showed that interaction effect of fertilizer levels and liquid bio inoculants significantly influenced yield attributes (effective tillers 0.5 m-1 row length and grains ear-1), grain yield and net return during both the years as well as pooled analysis. Irrespective of liquid bio-inoculants, application of 125% + 5 t FYM ha-1 both gave significantly higher yield attributes, grain yield and net return over rest of the fertility levels, while at all fertility levels, inoculation of barley seed with Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR found at par with Azotobacter + PSB and both these treatment significantly enhanced yield attributes, grain yield and net return over single inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB. The maximum yield attributes, grain yield and net return were recorded under the combined application of 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR, which was statistically at par with 100% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR/Azotobacter + PSB and 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculants Azotobacter + PSB but significantly higher over rest of treatment combinations. The highest grain yield (6.10 t ha-1) and net return (? 81043) were recorded under the combined application of 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Fertilizer levels and liquid bio-inoculants interacted to influence barley yield attributes, grain yield and net return.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: fertilizer levels and liquid bio inoculantse2
Outcome: yield attributes (effective tillers 0.5 m-1 row length and grains ear-1), grain yield and net returne2
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Hordeum vulgare* · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e2
“The results showed that interaction effect of fertilizer levels and liquid bio inoculants significantly influenced yield attributes (effective tillers 0.5 m-1 row length and grains ear-1), grain yield and net return during both the years as well as pooled analysis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 354–618 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 125% + 5 t FYM ha-1 gave significantly higher barley yield attributes, grain yield and net return than the other fertility levels.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: application of 125% + 5 t FYM ha-1e3
Outcome: yield attributes, grain yield and net returne3
Direction: highere3
Comparator: rest of the fertility levelse3
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e3
“application of 125% + 5 t FYM ha-1 both gave significantly higher yield attributes, grain yield and net return over rest of the fertility levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 659–803 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Barley seed inoculation with Azotobacter, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizer and PGPR significantly enhanced yield attributes, grain yield and net return over single inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree4
Treatment: inoculation of barley seed with Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPRe4
Interactor: AzotobacterAzotobactere4symbiont
Second interactor: AzospirillumAzospirillume4symbiont
Outcome: yield attributes, grain yield and net returne4
Direction: enhancede4
Comparator: single inoculation of Azotobacter and PSBe4
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Azotobacter* · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

*Azospirillum* · Second interactorFadelblaid · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e4
“inoculation of barley seed with Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR found at par with Azotobacter + PSB and both these treatment significantly enhanced yield attributes, grain yield and net return over single inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 836–1102 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The four-organism inoculation with Azotobacter, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizer and PGPR was at par with Azotobacter + PSB for barley yield attributes, grain yield and net return.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree4
Treatment: inoculation of barley seed with Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPRe4
Interactor: AzotobacterAzotobactere4symbiont
Second interactor: AzospirillumAzospirillume4symbiont
Outcome: yield attributes, grain yield and net returne4
Direction: at pare4
Comparator: Azotobacter + PSBe4
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e4
“inoculation of barley seed with Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR found at par with Azotobacter + PSB and both these treatment significantly enhanced yield attributes, grain yield and net return over single inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 836–1102 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 with liquid bio-inoculants gave the maximum barley yield attributes, grain yield and net return.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPRe5
Outcome: yield attributes, grain yield and net returne5
Direction: maximume5
Comparator: rest of treatment combinationse6
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e5
“The maximum yield attributes, grain yield and net return were recorded under the combined application of 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1104–1314 · show in text ↑

e6
“but significantly higher over rest of treatment combinations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1546–1606 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 with liquid bio-inoculants was at par with 100% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 with the same bio-inoculants for barley yield attributes, grain yield and net return.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPRe5
Outcome: yield attributes, grain yield and net returne5
Direction: at pare7
Comparator: 100% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPRe7
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e5
“The maximum yield attributes, grain yield and net return were recorded under the combined application of 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1104–1314 · show in text ↑

e7
“statistically at par with 100% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1457 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest barley grain yield, 6.10 t ha-1, was recorded under the combined 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 with liquid bio-inoculants.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPRe0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 6.10 t ha-1e0
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e0
“The highest grain yield (6.10 t ha-1) and net return (? 81043) were recorded under the combined application of 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1608–1824 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest barley net return, ? 81043, was recorded under the combined 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 with liquid bio-inoculants.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPRe0
Outcome: net returne0
Direction: higheste0
Value: ? 81043e0
Setting: Udaipur (Rajasthan)e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1
“A field experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley at Udaipur (Rajasthan)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–205 · show in text ↑

e0
“The highest grain yield (6.10 t ha-1) and net return (? 81043) were recorded under the combined application of 125% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + liquid bio-inoculant Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1608–1824 · show in text ↑

phosphate · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 4 positive, 1 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

no effect
Phosphates and potassic fertilisers did not appreciably add to barley yields, except in a few districts, under good barley-growing farm conditions
FIFTH REPORT ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL, SEASON AND MANURING ON THE QUALITY AND GROWTH OF BARLEY, 1926 · 1928
Opposite direction
positive
PSB application increased yield over control.
Improving yield of Barley using bio and nano fertilizers under saline conditions · 2022 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Combined liquid biofertilizer inoculation significantly raised barley grain, straw and biological yields and was at par with Azotobacter plus PSB.
Effects of integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare) · 2001 · compared with Azotobacter + PSB inoculation
Same direction

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

Azospirillum · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

9 papers: 9 positive, 0 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Azospirillum and mycorrhiza with 0.9 g/l nano iron oxide raised grain yield about 15.45% versus B4Fe4 under highest salinity.
Physiological and biochemical responses of barley to application of bio-fertilizers and nano iron oxide under salinity stress in greenhouse · 2018 · compared with B4Fe4
Same direction
positive
N at 80 kg/ha with both bacterial inoculants significantly increased barley height and tiller number.
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) · 2013
Same direction
positive
Combined liquid biofertilizer inoculation significantly raised barley grain, straw and biological yields and was at par with Azotobacter plus PSB.
Effects of integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare) · 2001 · compared with Azotobacter + PSB inoculation
Same direction

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

Azotobacter · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

19 papers: 19 positive, 0 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Dual Azotobacter and Pseudomonas inoculation gave the highest grain yield, harvest index and biological yield relative to no inoculation.
Effects of inoculation with Azotobacter Chroococcum and Pseudomonas putida on yield and some of the important agronomic traits in barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) · 2013 · compared with non-inoculation treatment
Same direction
positive
N at 80 kg/ha with both bacterial inoculants significantly increased barley height and tiller number.
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) · 2013
Same direction
positive
Combined liquid biofertilizer inoculation significantly raised barley grain, straw and biological yields and was at par with Azotobacter plus PSB.
Effects of integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare) · 2001 · compared with Azotobacter + PSB inoculation
Same direction

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

inoculation · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

100 papers: 83 positive, 17 negative or no effect

82 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction

negative
Separate inoculations at growth stages 21 and 34 reduced green leaf area, root weight, leaf sheath and stem weight and tiller number.
Effects of net blotch on growth and yield of spring barley · 1987
Opposite direction
negative
Inoculated barley yielded less than sprayed barley.
Analysis of the Effects of Erysiphe graminis DC. on the Growth of Barley · 1962 · compared with barley repeatedly sprayed with lime sulphur
Opposite direction
no effect
F. culmorum inoculation had no effect on harvestable tillers or grain yield of spring barley compared with the hand-thinned control.
EVALUATION OF SPRING BARLEYS FOR REACTION TO Fusarium culmorum SEEDLING BLIGHT AND ROOT ROT · 1988 · compared with hand-thinned control
Opposite direction

96 papers more in this group

See all 100 papers →

fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

550 papers: 473 positive, 77 negative or no effect

472 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Neither phosphorus application nor mycorrhizal inoculation increased tiller number.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Barley Grown on Soils with Different Levels of Salts · 2003
Opposite direction
negative
N fertilizer reduced relative yield totals.
Root and Shoot Interactions Between Barley and Field Beans When Intercropped · 1982
Opposite direction
negative
Nitrogen fertilizer alone did not raise yield on barley residue to yield on pulse residue.
YIELD EFFECT OF PULSES ON SUBSEQUENT CEREAL CROPS IN THE NORTHERN PRAIRIES · 1990 · compared with pulse residue
Opposite direction

546 papers more in this group

See all 550 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 8

The same questions in other papers

phosphate · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

Azospirillum · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

Azotobacter · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

inoculation · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results