Abstract
Abstract The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004). Soil was treated with six wheat inoculant treatments: aflatoxigenic isolate F3W4; two non-aflatoxigenic isolates (CT3 and K49); two mixtures of CT3 or K49 with F3W4; and an autoclaved wheat control, applied at 20 kg ha−1. In 2001, inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolate increased corn grain aflatoxin levels by 188% compared to the non-inoculated control, while CT3 and K49 inoculation reduced aflatoxin levels in corn grain by 86 and 60%, respectively. In 2002, the non-toxigenic CT3 and K49 reduced aflatoxin levels by 61 and 76% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively. In 2001, mixtures of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates had little effect on aflatoxin levels, but in 2002, inoculation with mixtures of K49 and CT3 reduced aflatoxin levels 68 and 37% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively. In 2003 and 2004, a low level of natural aflatoxin contamination was observed (8 ng g−1). However, inoculation with mixtures of K49 + F3W4 and CT3 + F3W4, reduced levels of aflatoxin 65–94% compared to the aflatoxigenic strain alone. Compared to the non-sclerotia producing CT3, strain K49 produces large sclerotia, has more rapid in vitro radial growth, and a greater ability to colonize corn when artificially inoculated, perhaps indicating greater ecological competence. Results indicate that non-aflatoxigenic, indigenous A. flavus isolates, such as strain K49, have potential use for biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination in southern US corn.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolate increased corn grain aflatoxin levels by 188% in 2001 relative to non-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolatee0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavuse1pathogen - Outcome
- corn grain aflatoxin levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 188%e0
- Qualifier
- In 2001e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
- Setting
- 4-year field studye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2001, inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolate increased corn grain aflatoxin levels by 188% compared to the non-inoculated control”
e1“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
Claim · model-written summary
CT3 and K49 inoculation reduced aflatoxin levels in corn grain by 86% in 2001 relative to non-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- CT3 and K49 inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse2pathogen
- Second interactor
- CT3e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levels in corn graine1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 86e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
- Setting
- 4-year field studye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2001, inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolate increased corn grain aflatoxin levels by 188% compared to the non-inoculated control”
e1“CT3 and K49 inoculation reduced aflatoxin levels in corn grain by 86 and 60%, respectively”
e2“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
Claim · model-written summary
CT3 and K49 inoculation reduced aflatoxin levels in corn grain by 60% in 2001 relative to non-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- CT3 and K49 inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse2pathogen
- Second interactor
- K49e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levels in corn graine1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 60%e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
- Setting
- 4-year field studye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2001, inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolate increased corn grain aflatoxin levels by 188% compared to the non-inoculated control”
e1“CT3 and K49 inoculation reduced aflatoxin levels in corn grain by 86 and 60%, respectively”
e2“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-toxigenic CT3 reduced aflatoxin levels by 61% in 2002 relative to non-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- non-toxigenic CT3e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- CT3e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 61e0
- Qualifier
- In 2002e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 4-year field studye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, the non-toxigenic CT3 and K49 reduced aflatoxin levels by 61 and 76% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively”
e1“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-toxigenic CT3 and K49 reduced aflatoxin levels by 76% in 2002 relative to non-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- non-toxigenic CT3 and K49e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- K49e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Qualifier
- In 2002e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 4-year field studye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, the non-toxigenic CT3 and K49 reduced aflatoxin levels by 61 and 76% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively”
e1“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates had little effect on aflatoxin levels in 2001.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- mixtures of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolatese1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levelse1
- Direction
- little effecte1
- Qualifier
- In 2001e1
- Setting
- 4-year field studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
e1“In 2001, mixtures of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates had little effect on aflatoxin levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of K49 and CT3 reduced aflatoxin levels by 68 and 37% in 2002 relative to non-inoculated controls, respectively.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- mixtures of K49 and CT3e1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- K49 and CT3e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levelse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 68 and 37%e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse1
- Setting
- 4-year field studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
e1“inoculation with mixtures of K49 and CT3 reduced aflatoxin levels 68 and 37% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A low level of natural aflatoxin contamination of corn was observed in 2003 and 2004, at 8 ng g−1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- natural aflatoxin contaminatione1
- Value
- 8 ng g−1e1
- Qualifier
- low levele1
- Setting
- 4-year field studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
e1“In 2003 and 2004, a low level of natural aflatoxin contamination was observed (8 ng g−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with mixtures of K49 + F3W4 and CT3 + F3W4 reduced aflatoxin levels by 65–94% compared with the aflatoxigenic strain alone.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- inoculation with mixtures of K49 + F3W4 and CT3 + F3W4e1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- K49e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- levels of aflatoxine1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 65–94%e1
- Comparator
- aflatoxigenic strain alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004)”
e1“However, inoculation with mixtures of K49 + F3W4 and CT3 + F3W4, reduced levels of aflatoxin 65–94% compared to the aflatoxigenic strain alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain K49 produces large sclerotia, unlike the non-sclerotia producing CT3.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- K49e0
- Outcome
- large sclerotiae0
- Comparator
- non-sclerotia producing CT3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the non-sclerotia producing CT3, strain K49 produces large sclerotia, has more rapid in vitro radial growth, and a greater ability to colonize corn when artificially inoculated, perhaps indicating greater ecological competence”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain K49 has more rapid in vitro radial growth than the non-sclerotia producing CT3.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- K49e0
- Outcome
- in vitro radial growthe0
- Direction
- more rapide0
- Comparator
- non-sclerotia producing CT3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the non-sclerotia producing CT3, strain K49 produces large sclerotia, has more rapid in vitro radial growth, and a greater ability to colonize corn when artificially inoculated, perhaps indicating greater ecological competence”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain K49 has a greater ability to colonize corn when artificially inoculated than the non-sclerotia producing CT3.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- K49e0
- Outcome
- ability to colonize corne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- when artificially inoculatede0
- Comparator
- non-sclerotia producing CT3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the non-sclerotia producing CT3, strain K49 produces large sclerotia, has more rapid in vitro radial growth, and a greater ability to colonize corn when artificially inoculated, perhaps indicating greater ecological competence”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-aflatoxigenic indigenous A. flavus isolates such as strain K49 have potential for biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination in southern US corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- strain K49e0
- Treatment
- non-aflatoxigenic, indigenous A. flavus isolatese0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biocontrol of aflatoxin contaminatione0
- Setting
- southern USe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicate that non-aflatoxigenic, indigenous A. flavus isolates, such as strain K49, have potential use for biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination in southern US corn”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Aspergillus flavus · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.