Abstract
This investigation was conducted during three successive seasons (2016/2017, 2017/ 2018 and 2018/2019) on Tangelo Minneola (Citrus paradisi Macf x Citrus reticulata Blanco) twenty two years old budded on sour orange ( Citrus aurantium L.) rootsock at Giza experimental station, Agricultural Research center, Egypt. To study the effect of foliar application with urea 20g/ L ,dry Yeast at 4g/L, benzyladenine at 60ppm, a mixture of(urea 20g/L + dry yeast at 4g/L), a mixture of ( urea 20g/L + benzyladenine at 60 ppm) ,and a mixture of ( urea 20g/L + benzyladenine at 60 ppm + dry Yeast at 4g/L ) compared with control treatment (spray with water) on flowering and fruiting of Minneola Tangelo trees to reduce the severity of alternate bearing phenomena .The result showed that treatment with (urea 20g/L + benzyladenine at 60 ppm ) gave the highest values of number of shoots ,Shoot diameter (cm), average leaf area (cm 2 ), fruit set % , remaining fruits after June drop % ,Mature fruits %,yield increment (%) over the control, fruit weight (g) Yield/tree (kg), Yield/ weight feddan (ton), pulp weight (g), Juice volume cm 3 , Fruit volume (cm 3 ) , Fruit diameter (cm), vitamin c (mg/100mljuice), sugars %, carotenoids ( mg/g fresh wt ) total carbohydrates (mg/g), Chlorophyll-a ,b (mg/g fresh wt), total chlorophyll (mg/g fresh wt),total indoles ( mg/100g F.W),TSS (%),TSS/acid ratio and recorded the lowest juice total acidity %, leaf mineral contents (N, P, Mg, Fe ,Mn and Cu) contents as compared with the control treatment and the other treatments in "off " years, "On" years and" off "years, respectively. Moreover, Foliar application with a combination of (urea 20g/L + dry yeast at 4g/L) gave the highest values of Shoot length (cm), number of leaf /shoot, average leaf dry weight(g), Specific leaf weight (SLW) (mg/cm 2 ), number of fruits/tree, peel weight (g), fruit length ( cm ), leaf mineral contents ( K, Ca, and Zn ) contents as compared with the control treatment and the other treatments in "off " years,"On" years and " off "years, respectively. Foliar spray with 60 ppm + dry Yeast at 4g/L+ urea 20g/L) gave significantly the highest peel thickness (cm) compared with other treatments including control trees. Foliar application with benzyladenine at 60 ppm) gave significantly the highest leaf Total phenols (mg/100g F.W) as compared with untreated (control trees) and the other treatments. Generally, Minneola tangelo trees treated in" off " years (2018/ 2019) gave a high positive effect in reducing biennial bearing severity than trees treated in "off "years (2016/ 2017) and "On" years (2017/ 2018) respectively.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the highest shoot number, diameter and leaf area.
- Taxon
- ureae0
- Outcome
- number of shoots ,Shoot diameter (cm), average leaf area (cm 2 )e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“treatment with (urea 20g/L + benzyladenine at 60 ppm ) gave the highest values of number of shoots ,Shoot diameter (cm), average leaf area (cm 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the highest fruit set, fruit retention and mature fruit percentage.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“fruit set % , remaining fruits after June drop % ,Mature fruits %”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the highest yield increase, fruit weight and yield.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“yield increment (%) over the control, fruit weight (g) Yield/tree (kg), Yield/ weight feddan (ton)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the highest pulp weight, juice volume and fruit volume.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“pulp weight (g), Juice volume cm 3 , Fruit volume (cm 3 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the highest fruit diameter, vitamin C and sugars.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“Fruit diameter (cm), vitamin c (mg/100mljuice), sugars %”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the highest carotenoids, carbohydrates and chlorophyll.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“Fruit diameter (cm), vitamin c (mg/100mljuice), sugars %, carotenoids ( mg/g fresh wt ) total carbohydrates (mg/g), Chlorophyll-a ,b (mg/g fresh wt), total chlorophyll (mg/g fresh wt)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the highest indoles, soluble solids and soluble solids to acid ratio.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“Fruit diameter (cm), vitamin c (mg/100mljuice), sugars %, carotenoids ( mg/g fresh wt ) total carbohydrates (mg/g), Chlorophyll-a ,b (mg/g fresh wt), total chlorophyll (mg/g fresh wt),total indoles ( mg/100g F.W),TSS (%),TSS/acid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus benzyladenine gave the lowest juice acidity and leaf N, P, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu.
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“recorded the lowest juice total acidity %, leaf mineral contents (N, P, Mg, Fe ,Mn and Cu) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus dry yeast gave the highest shoot length, leaves per shoot and leaf dry weight.
- Taxon
- ureae0
- Outcome
- Shoot length (cm), number of leaf /shoot, average leaf dry weight(g)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application with a combination of (urea 20g/L + dry yeast at 4g/L) gave the highest values of Shoot length (cm), number of leaf /shoot, average leaf dry weight(g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus dry yeast gave the highest specific leaf weight, fruit number and peel weight.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“Specific leaf weight (SLW) (mg/cm 2 ), number of fruits/tree, peel weight (g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus dry yeast gave the highest fruit length and leaf K, Ca and Zn.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“fruit length ( cm ), leaf mineral contents ( K, Ca, and Zn ) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea, dry yeast and benzyladenine gave the greatest peel thickness.
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with 60 ppm + dry Yeast at 4g/L+ urea 20g/L) gave significantly the highest peel thickness (cm) compared with other treatments including control trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine alone gave the highest leaf total phenols.
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application with benzyladenine at 60 ppm) gave significantly the highest leaf Total phenols (mg/100g F.W) as compared with untreated (control trees) and the other treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment in the 2018/2019 off year reduced biennial bearing more than treatment in the earlier off and on years.
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“Minneola tangelo trees treated in" off " years (2018/ 2019) gave a high positive effect in reducing biennial bearing severity than trees treated in "off "years (2016/ 2017) and "On" years (2017/ 2018) respectively.”