Abstract
In many crops, calcium deficiencies in various organs and tissues are often exaggerated due to the low rate of mobility of calcium in plant tissues, and especially under unsuitable conditions for plant growth. Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants.In the first experiment, tomato seedlings having reached the anthesis stage of the first flower cluster were grown in a nutrient solution with and without calcium, and treated with foliar spray of NAA (10-5M) or CaCl2 (4×10-2M), respectively. The growth of treated plants and the distribution of calcium compounds in leaves of these plants were investigated. In the second experiment: (1) the difference of 45Ca absorption between the plants treated with and without foliar spray of NAA (10-5M) was investigated; (2) immediately after the plants were grown in complete nutrient solution with 45Ca for 4 days, these plants were transferred to a non-45Ca and low calcium nutrient solution with and without foliar sprayed treatment of NAA(-5M), and also held for an additional 21 days. Thereafter, these plants were tested for radioactive analysis and for radioautograms; and (3) 45Ca was applied onto the surface of the leaf and stem, and its subsequent detection on other parts of the plants was made by radioactive analysis.The results are as follows:1. In the plants grown in nutrient solution without calcium, the phenomena of calcium deficiency was found in all clusters and new unfolded leaves of control plants. The same phenomena were found in the third cluster and new unfolded leaves of CaCl2 treated plants. Oppositely, no phenomenon of calcium deficiency was found in NAA treated plants.2. In case of plants which were grown in nutrient solution without calcium and treated with NAA, water soluble fraction calcium in plant tissues apparently increased in the first leaf under the first cluster, and also much more NaCl soluble fraction calcium increased in the first leaf under the second cluster than those in control plants. In the plants treated with CaCl2 only, the higher percentage of all calcium compound was found in leaves than the control plants.3. By the foliar spray treatment with NAA, the treated plants, which were grown in nutrient solution with low calcium level marked with 45Ca, showed a greater amount of radioactivity than plants without NAA treatment.4. Once 45Ca has been deposited in plant tissues, even if a particular migration period be provided, a significant quantity of calcium is not usually transported into new formed tissues. Applying NAA by foliar spray, a very pronounced calcium movement in plant tissues occurred during the 21 day migration period.5. Applying 45Ca with NAA onto the leaf or stem surface, these plants showed a higher amount of 45Ca movement than plants without NAA treatment. But when 45Ca and NAA were treated in different parts of the plant, no effects of NAA on the 45Ca movement were found.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA prevented the calcium deficiency symptoms seen in control tomato plants grown without calcium.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- foliar spray of NAA (10-5M)e1
- Outcome
- phenomena of calcium deficiencye2
- Comparator
- control plantse2
- Setting
- nutrient solution without calciume2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e1“In the first experiment, tomato seedlings having reached the anthesis stage of the first flower cluster were grown in a nutrient solution with and without calcium, and treated with foliar spray of NAA (10-5M) or CaCl2 (4×10-2M), respectively.”
e2“In the plants grown in nutrient solution without calcium, the phenomena of calcium deficiency was found in all clusters and new unfolded leaves of control plants. The same phenomena were found in the third cluster and new unfolded leaves of CaCl2 treated plants. Oppositely, no phenomenon of calcium deficiency was found in NAA treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato grown without calcium, NAA treatment increased water-soluble calcium in the first leaf under the first cluster relative to controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- first leaf under the first clustere3
- Treatment
- treated with NAAe3
- Outcome
- water soluble fraction calciume3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e3“In case of plants which were grown in nutrient solution without calcium and treated with NAA, water soluble fraction calcium in plant tissues apparently increased in the first leaf under the first cluster, and also much more NaCl soluble fraction calcium increased in the first leaf under the second cluster than those in control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato grown without calcium, NAA treatment increased NaCl-soluble calcium in the first leaf under the second cluster, much more than in controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- first leaf under the second clustere3
- Treatment
- treated with NAAe3
- Outcome
- NaCl soluble fraction calciume3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- much moree3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e3“In case of plants which were grown in nutrient solution without calcium and treated with NAA, water soluble fraction calcium in plant tissues apparently increased in the first leaf under the first cluster, and also much more NaCl soluble fraction calcium increased in the first leaf under the second cluster than those in control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA treatment gave a greater amount of radioactivity in low-calcium tomato plants than plants without NAA.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- foliar spray treatment with NAAe5
- Outcome
- amount of radioactivitye5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- plants without NAA treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e5“By the foliar spray treatment with NAA, the treated plants, which were grown in nutrient solution with low calcium level marked with 45Ca, showed a greater amount of radioactivity than plants without NAA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA produced a pronounced calcium movement in tomato plant tissues during a 21-day migration period.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Applying NAA by foliar spraye6
- Outcome
- calcium movement in plant tissuese6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e6“Applying NAA by foliar spray, a very pronounced calcium movement in plant tissues occurred during the 21 day migration period”
Claim · model-written summary
Once 45Ca was deposited in tomato tissues, a significant quantity of calcium was not usually transported into newly formed tissues.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- transported into new formed tissuese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e7“Once 45Ca has been deposited in plant tissues, even if a particular migration period be provided, a significant quantity of calcium is not usually transported into new formed tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 45Ca with NAA onto the leaf or stem surface gave a higher 45Ca movement than applying 45Ca without NAA.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 45Ca with NAA onto the leaf or stem surfacee7
- Outcome
- 45Ca movemente7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- plants without NAA treatmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e7“Applying 45Ca with NAA onto the leaf or stem surface, these plants showed a higher amount of 45Ca movement than plants without NAA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 45Ca and NAA to different plant parts had no effect of NAA on 45Ca movement.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 45Ca and NAA were treated in different parts of the plante7
- Outcome
- 45Ca movemente7
- Direction
- no effectse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e7“But when 45Ca and NAA were treated in different parts of the plant, no effects of NAA on the 45Ca movement were found”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 foliar treatment did not reduce calcium deficiency phenomena in tomato, which matched those of controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e2
- Outcome
- phenomena of calcium deficiencye2
- Comparator
- control plantse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e2“In the plants grown in nutrient solution without calcium, the phenomena of calcium deficiency was found in all clusters and new unfolded leaves of control plants. The same phenomena were found in the third cluster and new unfolded leaves of CaCl2 treated plants. Oppositely, no phenomenon of calcium deficiency was found in NAA treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 alone gave a higher percentage of total calcium compounds in tomato leaves than controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- CaCl2 onlye4
- Outcome
- percentage of all calcium compounde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- control plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were carried out to clarify the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the mobility of calcium in tomato plants”
e4“In the plants treated with CaCl2 only, the higher percentage of all calcium compound was found in leaves than the control plants”
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