Abstract
In contrast to the odd-pinnately compound leaf of the normal (+/+) tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum), the single-gene mutant lanceolate (La/+) generally has a simple leaf. Lanceolate plants, also, have small fruits and flowers, weak apical dominance, and exhibit variation in the position and fusion of cotyledons. Homozygous mutants (La/La) appear in 3 different phenotypes, 1 of which, narrow, has narrow simple leaves, sterile inflorescences, and extremely weak apical dominance. The other 2, modified, and reduced, lack an organized shoot. After selfing La/ + plants for 9 generations, autotetraploids were produced with the aid of colchicine. In addition, several triploid plants arose spontaneously. The study of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid material with various proportions of the La allele revealed in many characters a graded series as a function of the La dosage. With increasing La dose, there was a gradual reduction in: (1) total leaf length; (2) the number and size of primary and secondary lateral leaflets; (3) the number and size of marginal lobes of the terminal leaflet, associated with an increase in the proportional length of the terminal leaflet. Many leaves were found with the basal lobes of the terminal leaflet resembling incompletely separated lateral leaflets. The differences in leaf shape between different genotypes came about before the leaf primordium was 3 mm long. There was a progressive delay in the initiation of lateral primordia with increasing La dosage. It is proposed that the gradual changes from compound to simple leaves with increasing La dosage are produced by successively greater restrictions of meristematic activity after the terminal leaflet is formed. With increasing proportion of La alleles, the reproductive structures showed: (1) a decrease in the number of flowers per inflorescence; (2) a decrease in the length of the sepals; (3) an increase in the proportion of flowers with dialytic anthers. Dialytic anthers had narrow adaxial lobes and were frequently twisted along their main axes. The common denominator for most trends affected by the La allele seems to be a general reduction of growth, but more so in lateral than in longitudinal growth. Histological data suggest that the reduction in lateral growth is mainly brought about by a reduction of cell division in lateral meristems.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Heterozygous lanceolate tomato generally has simple rather than compound leaves.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- lanceolate (La/+)e0
- Gene
- La/+e0
- Outcome
- simple leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the single-gene mutant lanceolate (La/+) generally has a simple leaf”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanceolate plants have small fruits and flowers, weak apical dominance and variable cotyledon position and fusion.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Lanceolate plantse0
- Outcome
- small fruits and flowers, weak apical dominancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lanceolate plants, also, have small fruits and flowers, weak apical dominance, and exhibit variation in the position and fusion of cotyledons”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The narrow homozygous phenotype has narrow simple leaves, sterile inflorescences and extremely weak apical dominance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- narrowe0
- Outcome
- narrow simple leaves, sterile inflorescences, and extremely weak apical dominancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“narrow, has narrow simple leaves, sterile inflorescences, and extremely weak apical dominance”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The modified and reduced homozygous phenotypes lack an organized shoot.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- modified, and reducede0
- Outcome
- lack an organized shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The other 2, modified, and reduced, lack an organized shoot”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La dosage gradually reduced total leaf length.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae0
- Outcome
- total leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With increasing La dose, there was a gradual reduction in: (1) total leaf length”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La dosage reduced the number and size of primary and secondary lateral leaflets.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae2
- Outcome
- number and size of primary and secondary lateral leafletse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number and size of primary and secondary lateral leaflets”
t0“Tomato”
e2“With increasing La dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La dosage reduced the number and size of marginal terminal-leaflet lobes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae2
- Outcome
- number and size of marginal lobes of the terminal leaflete0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number and size of marginal lobes of the terminal leaflet”
t0“Tomato”
e2“With increasing La dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La dosage increased the proportional length of the terminal leaflet.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae2
- Outcome
- proportional length of the terminal leaflete0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“associated with an increase in the proportional length of the terminal leaflet”
t0“Tomato”
e2“With increasing La dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-shape differences among genotypes arose before the primordium reached 3 mm.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- differences in leaf shapee0
- Value
- 3 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences in leaf shape between different genotypes came about before the leaf primordium was 3 mm long”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La dosage progressively delayed initiation of lateral primordia.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae0
- Outcome
- initiation of lateral primordiae0
- Direction
- delaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a progressive delay in the initiation of lateral primordia with increasing La dosage”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose that increasing La dosage simplifies leaves through successively greater restriction of meristem activity after terminal leaflet formation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae0
- Outcome
- gradual changes from compound to simple leavese0
- Qualifier
- restrictions of meristematic activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is proposed that the gradual changes from compound to simple leaves with increasing La dosage are produced by successively greater restrictions of meristematic activity after the terminal leaflet is formed”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La allele proportion decreased flowers per inflorescence.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per inflorescencee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With increasing proportion of La alleles, the reproductive structures showed: (1) a decrease in the number of flowers per inflorescence”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La allele proportion decreased sepal length.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae2
- Outcome
- length of the sepalse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the length of the sepals”
t0“Tomato”
e2“With increasing La dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing La allele proportion increased the proportion of flowers with dialytic anthers.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae2
- Outcome
- proportion of flowers with dialytic antherse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the proportion of flowers with dialytic anthers”
t0“Tomato”
e2“With increasing La dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Dialytic anthers had narrow adaxial lobes and were frequently twisted.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- Dialytic antherse0
- Outcome
- narrow adaxial lobes and were frequently twistede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dialytic anthers had narrow adaxial lobes and were frequently twisted along their main axes”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret most La trends as reduced growth, particularly laterally.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Lae0
- Outcome
- general reduction of growthe0
- Qualifier
- more so in lateral than in longitudinal growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The common denominator for most trends affected by the La allele seems to be a general reduction of growth, but more so in lateral than in longitudinal growth”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Histology suggests reduced lateral growth mainly reflects less cell division in lateral meristems.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- reduction in lateral growthe0
- Qualifier
- reduction of cell division in lateral meristemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Histological data suggest that the reduction in lateral growth is mainly brought about by a reduction of cell division in lateral meristems”
t0“Tomato”