Abstract
The possible scarcity of available water for irrigation, climate change implications and environmental issues created the motivation for investigating new ways of increasing water use efficiency for crops. A field experiment was conducted, during two growing seasons, under open field conditions at Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. The study aimed to determine the effect of different irrigation water levels (60, 80 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and fertilization (mineral fertilizers (control), farmyard manure (FYM), biochar, compost and vermi-compost) on growth, yield, water use efficiency and nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The experimental design was split plot; the irrigation water levels located at main plots and fertilization types located at sub-plots. Applying different irrigation water levels and fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth and yield traits, i.e., no. of leaves, weight, head length and width, and total chlorophyll, as well as nutrient contents (N, P and K) and total soluble solids (TSS). Data revealed that using vermicompost fertilizer reduced irrigation water requirements of lettuce plants, compared with control treatment. Also, vermi-compost treatment gave the highest values of the studied plant traits, during the two tested seasons. Increasing irrigation level up to 80% of ETc enhanced the yield, with additions of organic fertilizer treatments, and increased water use efficiency. Moreover, the treatment of vermi-compost + 80% of ETc gave the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR values were 3.08 and 2.77 during the two tested seasons, respectively), while the lowest ones (0.85 and 0.93) were recorded by applying the treatment of mineral fertilizers+ 60% of ETc during the two studied seasons, respectively.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost fertilizer reduced irrigation water requirements of lettuce compared with the control treatment.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- vermicompost fertilizere1
- Outcome
- irrigation water requirementse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“using vermicompost fertilizer reduced irrigation water requirements of lettuce plants, compared with control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi-compost treatment gave the highest values of the studied lettuce plant traits.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- vermi-compost treatmente2
- Outcome
- studied plant traitse2
- Direction
- highest valuese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e2“vermi-compost treatment gave the highest values of the studied plant traits, during the two tested seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 80% of ETc enhanced lettuce yield.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation level up to 80% of ETce3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e3“Increasing irrigation level up to 80% of ETc enhanced the yield, with additions of organic fertilizer treatments, and increased water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 80% of ETc increased lettuce water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation level up to 80% of ETce3
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e3“Increasing irrigation level up to 80% of ETc enhanced the yield, with additions of organic fertilizer treatments, and increased water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi-compost with 80% of ETc gave the highest lettuce benefit-cost ratio (3.08 and 2.77).
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- vermi-compost + 80% of ETce4
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 3.08 and 2.77e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e4“the treatment of vermi-compost + 80% of ETc gave the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR values were 3.08 and 2.77 during the two tested seasons, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizers with 60% of ETc gave the lowest lettuce benefit-cost ratio (0.85 and 0.93).
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizers+ 60% of ETce5
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe4
- Direction
- loweste5
- Value
- 0.85 and 0.93e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e4“the treatment of vermi-compost + 80% of ETc gave the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR values were 3.08 and 2.77 during the two tested seasons, respectively)”
e5“the lowest ones (0.85 and 0.93) were recorded by applying the treatment of mineral fertilizers+ 60% of ETc”
Claim · model-written summary
Different irrigation levels and fertilizers significantly affected vegetative growth and yield traits of lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- different irrigation water levels and fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and yield traitse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e6“Applying different irrigation water levels and fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth and yield traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Different irrigation levels and fertilizers significantly affected lettuce nutrient contents and total soluble solids.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- different irrigation water levels and fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- nutrient contents (N, P and K) and total soluble solids (TSS)e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e6“Applying different irrigation water levels and fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth and yield traits”
e7“as well as nutrient contents (N, P and K) and total soluble solids (TSS)”
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