Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) exhibit biocontrol and biofertilzer traits and help plants survive adverse environmental conditions. In this study, the rhizobacteria are explored for their ability to tolerate drought stress and their potential to act as plant growth promoters. Herein, we have isolated bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of Spilanthes acmella Murr. (toothache plant) found in the Shivalik hills region of Himachal Pradesh. We screened nine drought-tolerant culturable bacteria by analyzing their ability to survive in varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10% - 50%), which is further supported by their 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and their ability to release exopolysaccharides (EPS). Strains having these activities are identified by 16S rDNA analysis, which reveals that they belong to four different bacteria genera, namely Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Pantoea. These isolates also harbor plant growth-promoting traits such as solubilization of phosphate, production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and antifungal activity. The Enterobacter cloacae showed maximum drought tolerance among all the other isolates. We found that the drought stress of 60% PEG inhibited wheat seedlings' growth, but the bacterization with the isolated strains stimulated seedling growth. Hence we conclude that these drought-tolerant PGPR from the rhizosphere of S. acmella Murr. can be utilized to enhance the survival and growth of plants under drought stress. The isolated strains not only exhibit the drought-tolerant ability but also show the biocontrol and biofertilizer traits. Inoculation of these strains could help the plant survive under adverse environmental conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacter cloacae showed the maximum drought tolerance among the isolates.
- Taxon
- Spilanthes acmella
Blainvillea acmellat0 - Interactor
- Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter cloacaee1symbiont - Outcome
- drought tolerancee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Comparator
- all the other isolatese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spilanthes acmella Murr.”
e1“Enterobacter cloacae showed maximum drought tolerance among all the other isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress from 60% PEG inhibited wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- drought stress of 60% PEGe2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We found that the drought stress of 60% PEG inhibited wheat seedlings' growth, but the bacterization with the isolated strains stimulated seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterization with the isolated strains stimulated wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- bacterization with the isolated strainse2
- Outcome
- seedling growthe2
- Direction
- stimulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We found that the drought stress of 60% PEG inhibited wheat seedlings' growth, but the bacterization with the isolated strains stimulated seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates showed solubilization of phosphate, production of IAA and siderophore production.
- Taxon
- Spilanthes acmellaBlainvillea acmellat0
- Interactor
- Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and PantoeaEnterobacterKlebsiella
Burkholderia.jpg?width=60)
Pantoeae4symbiont - Outcome
- solubilization of phosphate, production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophoree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Spilanthes acmella Murr.”
e3“solubilization of phosphate, production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and antifungal activity”
e4“Strains having these activities are identified by 16S rDNA analysis, which reveals that they belong to four different bacteria genera, namely Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Pantoea”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates produced ammonia and hydrogen cyanide and showed antifungal activity.
- Taxon
- Spilanthes acmellaBlainvillea acmellat0
- Interactor
- Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and PantoeaEnterobacterKlebsiellaBurkholderiaPantoeae4symbiont
- Outcome
- ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and antifungal activitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spilanthes acmella Murr.”
e3“solubilization of phosphate, production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and antifungal activity”
e4“Strains having these activities are identified by 16S rDNA analysis, which reveals that they belong to four different bacteria genera, namely Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Pantoea”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates belong to four different bacteria genera.
- Taxon
- Spilanthes acmellaBlainvillea acmellat0
- Interactor
- Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and PantoeaEnterobacterKlebsiellaBurkholderiaPantoeae4symbiont
- Outcome
- belong to four different bacteria generae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spilanthes acmella Murr.”
e4“Strains having these activities are identified by 16S rDNA analysis, which reveals that they belong to four different bacteria genera, namely Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Pantoea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-tolerant rhizobacteria can be used to enhance the survival and growth of plants under drought stress.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee5
- Outcome
- survival and growthe5
Verbatim
e5“Hence we conclude that these drought-tolerant PGPR from the rhizosphere of S. acmella Murr. can be utilized to enhance the survival and growth of plants under drought stress”
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