Abstract
Hairy sheath frayed-1 (Hsf1-O), an ethyl methanesolfonate-induced dominant mutant in maize, was first described as an excessively hairy plant with pronglike projections of sheath that extended from the margin of the leaf blade. We describe several other phenotypes and show that Hsf1-O affects virtually every segment of the plant. We have identified genetic backgrounds that suppress some of the Hsf1-O phenotypes. The morphological descriptions reveal a prolongation of cell differentiation in certain tissues and organs. In general, transformations are from more adult to more juvenile, not older to younger. On the assumption that Hsf1-O acts with the same developmental logic in both the apical meristem and leaf primordia, the leaf sheath is a juvenile blade, not a young blade. Genetic background effects show that the expressivity of the phenotype is influenced by the plant's time to anthesis. The suppression and temporal shift in Hsf1-O expression patterns in early flowering lines is due to the inherent accelerated maturation of cells in these lines. In early flowering lines, transformations are suppressed and shifted toward the less mature (younger) tissues, organs, and segments of the plant. We conclude that Hsf1-O is a heterochronic mutation that prolongs the time to maturity (delays terminal differentiation), and that a primordial cell's developmental maturity rather than the cell's position can dictate that cell's fate. Hsf1-O disconnects the rate of developmental stage transition from the overall flowering-time rate.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Hsf1-O affected nearly every plant segment.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hsf1-O affects virtually every segment of the plant”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Some genetic backgrounds suppressed Hsf1-O phenotypes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have identified genetic backgrounds that suppress some of the Hsf1-O phenotypes”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell differentiation was prolonged in certain tissues and organs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The morphological descriptions reveal a prolongation of cell differentiation in certain tissues and organs”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Transformations tended from adult to juvenile identity.
- Outcome
- transformations are from more adult to more juvenilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, transformations are from more adult to more juvenile, not older to younger”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf sheath is interpreted as a juvenile blade.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf sheath is a juvenile blade, not a young blade”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotype expressivity was influenced by time to anthesis.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expressivity of the phenotype is influenced by the plant's time to anthesis”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early flowering lines suppressed transformations.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In early flowering lines, transformations are suppressed and shifted toward the less mature (younger) tissues, organs, and segments of the plant”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early flowering lines shifted transformations toward younger tissues and organs.
- Material
- early flowering linese0
- Outcome
- transformationse0
- Direction
- shiftede0
- Qualifier
- less mature (younger) tissues, organs, and segments of the plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In early flowering lines, transformations are suppressed and shifted toward the less mature (younger) tissues, organs, and segments of the plant”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Accelerated cell maturation in early flowering lines was proposed to explain suppression and temporal shifts.
- Gene
- Hsf1-Oe0
- Outcome
- suppression and temporal shift in Hsf1-O expression patternse0
- Qualifier
- accelerated maturation of cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The suppression and temporal shift in Hsf1-O expression patterns in early flowering lines is due to the inherent accelerated maturation of cells in these lines”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Hsf1-O was concluded to delay terminal differentiation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hsf1-O is a heterochronic mutation that prolongs the time to maturity (delays terminal differentiation)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Primordial cell maturity was proposed to dictate cell fate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a primordial cell's developmental maturity rather than the cell's position can dictate that cell's fate”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Hsf1-O disconnected developmental stage transition rate from flowering time rate.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hsf1-O disconnects the rate of developmental stage transition from the overall flowering-time rate”
t0“Maize”