Abstract
Photosynthesis, respiration, needle thickness and nitrogen content were measured in the domidant, intermediate and suppressed trees in a 20-year-old Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest on Mt. Shimagare.1. Needle thickness increased with needle ages and with size classes of the trees. In general, the thickness was larger in A. Mariesii than in A. Veitchii.2. Photosynthesis and respiration decreased with ageing of the needles and with size diminution of the trees. The same trends were observed pertaining to the nitrogen content of needles. These functions and content were generally higher in A. Veitchii than in A. Mariesii, especially on a weight basis.3. The needles of the dominant trees showed the characteristics of sun-leaves, and those of the suppressed, of shade-leaves, because these tree classes were situated in totally different light conditions within the Abies stand.4. The leaf temperature optimal for gross photosynthesis was in the Abies species about 20°, which was fairly lower in comparison with the optimum temperature determined in broad-leaved evergreen trees in southern Japan, as accorded with the colder habitat of Mt. Shimagare.5. Respiration and nitrogen content in branchlet decreased on a dry weight basis, but increased on a surface area basis, with its increasing diameter. In the respiration of entire trunk and root system, the intermediate (and dominant) was higher than the suppressed. Between the two Abies species there was little difference in all these measures.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Needle thickness rose with needle age and tree size class.
- Organ / stage
- Needlee0
- Outcome
- Needle thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- needle ages and with size classes of the treese0
AbiesOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Needle thickness increased with needle ages and with size classes of the trees”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Needles were generally thicker in A. Mariesii than A. Veitchii.
Verbatim
e0“the thickness was larger in A. Mariesii than in A. Veitchii”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis and respiration declined with needle age and decreasing tree size.
- Organ / stage
- needlese0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesis and respiratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- ageing of the needles and with size diminution of the treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis and respiration decreased with ageing of the needles and with size diminution of the trees”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Needle nitrogen followed the same decreasing pattern with age and tree size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same trends were observed pertaining to the nitrogen content of needles”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen content were generally higher in A. Veitchii than A. Mariesii.
Verbatim
e0“These functions and content were generally higher in A. Veitchii than in A. Mariesii, especially on a weight basis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant-tree needles had sun-leaf characteristics and suppressed-tree needles had shade-leaf characteristics.
- Organ / stage
- needlese0
- Outcome
- characteristics of sun-leavese0
- Qualifier
- shade-leavese0
- Comparator
- suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The needles of the dominant trees showed the characteristics of sun-leaves, and those of the suppressed, of shade-leaves”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross photosynthesis in Abies had a leaf temperature optimum of about 20°.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf temperature optimal for gross photosynthesis was in the Abies species about 20°”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
The Abies photosynthesis optimum was lower than in southern Japanese broad-leaved evergreens.
- Outcome
- optimum temperaturee0
- Direction
- fairly lowere0
- Comparator
- broad-leaved evergreen trees in southern Japane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was fairly lower in comparison with the optimum temperature determined in broad-leaved evergreen trees in southern Japan”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Branchlet respiration and nitrogen declined per dry weight as diameter increased.
- Organ / stage
- branchlete0
- Outcome
- Respiration and nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- on a dry weight basise0
- Comparator
- increasing diametere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Respiration and nitrogen content in branchlet decreased on a dry weight basis, but increased on a surface area basis, with its increasing diameter”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Branchlet respiration and nitrogen rose per surface area as diameter increased.
- Organ / stage
- branchlete0
- Outcome
- Respiration and nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- on a surface area basise0
- Comparator
- increasing diametere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Respiration and nitrogen content in branchlet decreased on a dry weight basis, but increased on a surface area basis, with its increasing diameter”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermediate and dominant trees had higher whole-trunk and root respiration than suppressed trees.
- Organ / stage
- entire trunk and root systeme0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the respiration of entire trunk and root system, the intermediate (and dominant) was higher than the suppressed”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”
Claim · model-written summary
The two Abies species differed little in whole-trunk and root measures.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Between the two Abies species there was little difference in all these measures”
e1“Abies stand of the subalpine coniferous forest”