Abstract
It is very important to increase phytoremediation efficiency in practice in suitable climatic conditions for plant growth through multiple harvests. Solanum nigrum L. is a Cd hyperaccumulator. In the present experiment, after applying different types of N fertilizers (NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, CH4N2O), root and shoot biomasses and Cd phytoextraction efficiency of S. nigrum effectively improved (p < 0.05). Shoot biomasses of S. nigrum harvested at the first florescence stage plus the amounts at the second florescence stage were higher than those harvested at the maturation stage, which indicates that S. nigrum Cd phytoaccumulation efficiency was higher in the former compared to the latter as there was no clear change in Cd concentration (p < 0.05). The pH value and extractable Cd contents showed no changes, regardless of whether N fertilizer was added or not at different growth stages. In addition, after N fertilizer was applied, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in S. nigrum in vivo were lower compared to those that had not received N addition (CK); similarly, the concentration of proline was decreased as well (p < 0.05). The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), harvested at different growth periods after four types of N fertilizer applications, obviously decreased in S. nigrum shoots, while peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase) (SOD) activities increased (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that (NH4)2SO4 treatment exerted the most positive effect and CH4N2O the second most positive effect on S. nigrum Cd phytoremediation efficiency in double harvests at florescence stages, and the growth conditions were better than others.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizers increased S. nigrum root biomass.
- Taxon
- S. nigrum
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Treatment
- N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“after applying different types of N fertilizers (NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, CH4N2O), root and shoot biomasses and Cd phytoextraction efficiency of S. nigrum effectively improved (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizers increased S. nigrum shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- shoot biomassese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after applying different types of N fertilizers (NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, CH4N2O), root and shoot biomasses and Cd phytoextraction efficiency of S. nigrum effectively improved (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizers improved Cd phytoextraction efficiency.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Cd phytoextraction efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after applying different types of N fertilizers (NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, CH4N2O), root and shoot biomasses and Cd phytoextraction efficiency of S. nigrum effectively improved (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined shoot biomass from two florescence harvests exceeded biomass from a maturation harvest.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- first florescence stage plus the amounts at the second florescence stagee0
- Outcome
- Shoot biomassese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- maturation stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot biomasses of S. nigrum harvested at the first florescence stage plus the amounts at the second florescence stage were higher than those harvested at the maturation stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Two florescence harvests yielded higher Cd phytoaccumulation efficiency than a maturation harvest.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- formere0
- Outcome
- Cd phytoaccumulation efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- lattere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. nigrum Cd phytoaccumulation efficiency was higher in the former compared to the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd concentration showed no clear change between harvest timings.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume1
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- no clear changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no clear change in Cd concentration”
e1“S. nigrum Cd phytoaccumulation efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH and extractable Cd showed no change with fertilizer addition across growth stages.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume1
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- pH value and extractable Cd contentse0
- Direction
- no changese0
- Comparator
- note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pH value and extractable Cd contents showed no changes, regardless of whether N fertilizer was added or not at different growth stages.”
e1“S. nigrum Cd phytoaccumulation efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer reduced H2O2 content relative to CK.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- H2O2e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- those that had not received N addition (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after N fertilizer was applied, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in S. nigrum in vivo were lower compared to those that had not received N addition (CK); similarly, the concentration of proline was decreased as well (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer reduced malondialdehyde content relative to CK.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- those that had not received N addition (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after N fertilizer was applied, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in S. nigrum in vivo were lower compared to those that had not received N addition (CK); similarly, the concentration of proline was decreased as well (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer decreased proline concentration.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- concentration of prolinee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after N fertilizer was applied, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in S. nigrum in vivo were lower compared to those that had not received N addition (CK); similarly, the concentration of proline was decreased as well (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Four nitrogen fertilizers decreased catalase activity in shoots.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- four types of N fertilizer applicationse0
- Gene
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Outcome
- activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), harvested at different growth periods after four types of N fertilizer applications, obviously decreased in S. nigrum shoots, while peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase) (SOD) activities increased (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Four nitrogen fertilizers increased peroxidase activity in shoots.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- four types of N fertilizer applicationse0
- Gene
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), harvested at different growth periods after four types of N fertilizer applications, obviously decreased in S. nigrum shoots, while peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase) (SOD) activities increased (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Four nitrogen fertilizers increased superoxide dismutase activity in shoots.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- four types of N fertilizer applicationse0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase) (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase) (SOD) activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), harvested at different growth periods after four types of N fertilizer applications, obviously decreased in S. nigrum shoots, while peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase) (SOD) activities increased (p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate gave the strongest improvement in Cd phytoremediation efficiency with double florescence harvests.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- (NH4)2SO4 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cd phytoremediation efficiencye0
- Direction
- most positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- double harvests at florescence stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(NH4)2SO4 treatment exerted the most positive effect and CH4N2O the second most positive effect on S. nigrum Cd phytoremediation efficiency in double harvests at florescence stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea gave the second strongest improvement in Cd phytoremediation efficiency with double florescence harvests.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Treatment
- CH4N2Oe0
- Outcome
- Cd phytoremediation efficiencye0
- Direction
- second most positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- double harvests at florescence stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(NH4)2SO4 treatment exerted the most positive effect and CH4N2O the second most positive effect on S. nigrum Cd phytoremediation efficiency in double harvests at florescence stages”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.