Abstract
Abstract Background Salinized soils negatively affect plant growth, so it has become necessary to use safe and eco-friendly methods to mitigate this stress. In a completely randomized design, a pot experiment was carried out to estimate the influence of the inoculation with endophytic bacterial isolates Azospirillum brasilense , Pseudomonas geniculata and their co-inoculation on growth and metabolic aspects of flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) plants that already grown in salinized soil. Results The results observed that inoculation of salinity-stressed flax plants with the endophytes A. brasilense and P. geniculata (individually or in co-inoculation) increases almost growth characteristics (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves). Moreover, contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids pigments, soluble sugars, proteins, free proline, total phenols, ascorbic acid, and potassium (K + ) in flax plants grown in salinized soil were augmented because of the inoculation with A. brasilense and P. geniculata . Oppositely, there are significant decreases in free proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and sodium (Na + ) contents. Regarding antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), the inoculation with the tested endophytes led to significant enhancements in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in stressed flax plants. Conclusions The results of this work showed that the use of the endophytic bacterial isolates Azospirillum brasilense , Pseudomonas geniculata (individually or in co-inoculation) could be regarded as an uncommon new model to alleviate salinity stress, especially in salinized soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A. brasilense inoculation increased flax growth traits under salinity.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Treatment
- inoculation of salinity-stressed flax plants with the endophytes A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- growth characteristics (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of salinity-stressed flax plants with the endophytes A. brasilense and P. geniculata (individually or in co-inoculation) increases almost growth characteristics (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. geniculata inoculation increased flax growth traits under salinity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- P. geniculatae0
- Interactor
- P. geniculatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth characteristics (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of salinity-stressed flax plants with the endophytes A. brasilense and P. geniculata (individually or in co-inoculation) increases almost growth characteristics (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves)”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinoculation increased flax growth traits under salinity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. geniculatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth characteristics (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of salinity-stressed flax plants with the endophytes A. brasilense and P. geniculata (individually or in co-inoculation) increases almost growth characteristics (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte inoculation augmented flax chlorophylls, carotenoids and soluble sugars under salinity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilense and P. geniculatae0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. geniculatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophylls and carotenoids pigments, soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids pigments, soluble sugars, proteins, free proline, total phenols, ascorbic acid, and potassium (K + ) in flax plants grown in salinized soil were augmented because of the inoculation with A. brasilense and P. geniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte inoculation augmented flax proteins, total phenols and ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilense and P. geniculatae0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. geniculatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- proteins, free proline, total phenols, ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids pigments, soluble sugars, proteins, free proline, total phenols, ascorbic acid, and potassium (K + ) in flax plants grown in salinized soil were augmented because of the inoculation with A. brasilense and P. geniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte inoculation augmented potassium content.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilense and P. geniculatae0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. geniculatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- potassium (K + )e0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium (K + ) in flax plants grown in salinized soil were augmented because of the inoculation with A. brasilense and P. geniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
The report also states significant decreases in free proline, MDA and hydrogen peroxide after inoculation.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- inoculationt1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset1symbionte0
- Outcome
- free proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant decreases in free proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and sodium (Na + ) contents”
t0“flax”
t1“inoculation with A. brasilense”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly decreased flax sodium content.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- inoculationt1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset1symbionte0
- Outcome
- sodium (Na + ) contentse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant decreases in free proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and sodium (Na + ) contents”
t0“flax”
t1“inoculation with A. brasilense”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.