Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), an important economic crop, is recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT), which has seriously hindered the progress of molecular research on this species. The mechanisms leading to low efficiency of AMT in tea plants, related to the morphology, growth, and gene expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens during tea-leaf explant infection, were compared to AMT of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves in the present work. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that tea leaves induced significant morphological aberrations on bacterial cells and affected pathogen–plant attachment, the initial step of a successful AMT. RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis on Agrobacterium at 0, 3 and 4 days after leaf post-inoculation resulted in 762, 1923 and 1656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tea group and the tobacco group, respectively. The expressions of genes involved in bacterial fundamental metabolic processes, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, two-component systems (TCSs), secretion systems, and quorum sensing (QS) systems were severely affected in response to the tea-leaf phylloplane. Collectively, these results suggest that compounds in tea leaves, especially gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and catechins, interfered with plant–pathogen attachment, essential minerals (iron and potassium) acquisition, and quorum quenching (QQ) induction, which may have been major contributing factors to hinder AMT efficiency of the tea plant.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Tea leaves induced significant morphological aberrations in bacterial cells.
- Taxon
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciense1 - Treatment
- tea leavese0
- Interactor
- teae0host
- Outcome
- morphological aberrations on bacterial cellse0
- Comparator
- Nicotiana benthamiana leavese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tea leaves induced significant morphological aberrations on bacterial cells and affected pathogen–plant attachment”
e1“the morphology, growth, and gene expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens during tea-leaf explant infection, were compared to AMT of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Tea leaves affected pathogen–plant attachment during transformation.
- Taxon
- teae0
- Treatment
- Agrobacterium tumefaciense1
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciense1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen–plant attachmente0
- Comparator
- Nicotiana benthamiana leavese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tea leaves induced significant morphological aberrations on bacterial cells and affected pathogen–plant attachment”
e1“the morphology, growth, and gene expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens during tea-leaf explant infection, were compared to AMT of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium transcriptomes differed by 762 genes between tea and tobacco groups at day 0.
- Taxon
- Agrobacterium
.jpg?width=60)
Agrobacteriume0 - Interactor
- teae0host
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 762e0
- Qualifier
- 0e0
- Comparator
- tobacco groupe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis on Agrobacterium at 0, 3 and 4 days after leaf post-inoculation resulted in 762, 1923 and 1656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tea group and the tobacco group, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium transcriptomes differed by 1923 genes between tea and tobacco groups at day 3.
- Taxon
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume0
- Interactor
- teae0host
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 1923e0
- Qualifier
- 3e0
- Comparator
- tobacco groupe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis on Agrobacterium at 0, 3 and 4 days after leaf post-inoculation resulted in 762, 1923 and 1656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tea group and the tobacco group, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium transcriptomes differed by 1656 genes between tea and tobacco groups at day 4.
- Taxon
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume0
- Interactor
- teae0host
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 1656e0
- Qualifier
- 4e0
- Comparator
- tobacco groupe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis on Agrobacterium at 0, 3 and 4 days after leaf post-inoculation resulted in 762, 1923 and 1656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tea group and the tobacco group, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The tea-leaf phylloplane severely affected expression of bacterial metabolic, ABC transporter and two-component-system genes.
- Taxon
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0
- Treatment
- tea-leaf phylloplanee0
- Interactor
- teae0host
- Outcome
- expressions of genese0
- Qualifier
- bacterial fundamental metabolic processes, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, two-component systems (TCSs)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expressions of genes involved in bacterial fundamental metabolic processes, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, two-component systems (TCSs), secretion systems, and quorum sensing (QS) systems were severely affected in response to the tea-leaf phylloplane.”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
The tea-leaf phylloplane severely affected expression of bacterial secretion and quorum-sensing genes.
- Taxon
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0
- Treatment
- tea-leaf phylloplanee0
- Interactor
- teae0host
- Outcome
- expressions of genese0
- Qualifier
- secretion systems, and quorum sensing (QS) systemse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expressions of genes involved in bacterial fundamental metabolic processes, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, two-component systems (TCSs), secretion systems, and quorum sensing (QS) systems were severely affected in response to the tea-leaf phylloplane.”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that tea-leaf GABA and catechins interfere with attachment, mineral acquisition and quorum-quenching induction, potentially hindering transformation efficiency.
- Taxon
- teae0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0pathogen
- Compound
- gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and catechinse0
- Outcome
- AMT efficiencye0
- Qualifier
- interfered with plant–pathogen attachment, essential minerals (iron and potassium) acquisition, and quorum quenching (QQ) inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Collectively, these results suggest that compounds in tea leaves, especially gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and catechins, interfered with plant–pathogen attachment, essential minerals (iron and potassium) acquisition, and quorum quenching (QQ) induction, which may have been major contributing factors to hinder AMT efficiency of the tea plant.”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”