Abstract
Conical epidermal cells occur on the tepals (perianth organs, typically petals and/or sepals) of the majority of animal-pollinated angiosperms, where they play both visual and tactile roles in pollinator attraction, providing grip to foraging insects, and enhancing colour, temperature, and hydrophobicity. To explore the evolutionary history of conical epidermal cells in angiosperms, we surveyed the tepal epidermis in representative species of the ANA-grade families, the early-diverging successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms, and analysed the function of a candidate regulator of cell outgrowth from Cabomba caroliniana (Nymphaeales). We identified conical cells in at least two genera from different families (Austrobaileya and Cabomba). A single SBG9 MYB gene was isolated from C. caroliniana and found to induce strong differentiation of cellular outgrowth, including conical cells, when ectopically expressed in Nicotiana tabacum. Ontogenetic analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR established that CcSBG9A1 is spatially and temporally expressed in a profile which correlates with a role in conical cell development. We conclude that conical or subconical cells on perianth organs are ancient within the angiosperms and most probably develop using a common genetic programme initiated by a SBG9 MYB transcription factor.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Conical tepal cells were identified in Austrobaileya.
- Taxon
- Austrobaileya
Austrobaileyae0 - Outcome
- conical cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified conical cells in at least two genera from different families (Austrobaileya and Cabomba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conical tepal cells were identified in Cabomba.
- Outcome
- conical cellse0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
CabombaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We identified conical cells in at least two genera from different families (Austrobaileya and Cabomba)”
Claim · model-written summary
A single SBG9 MYB gene was isolated from C. caroliniana.
- Taxon
- C. caroliniana
Cabomba carolinianae0 - Gene
- SBG9 MYB genee0
- Outcome
- isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single SBG9 MYB gene was isolated from C. caroliniana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic expression of the C. caroliniana SBG9 MYB gene induced strong cellular outgrowth and conical cells in Nicotiana tabacum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- ectopically expressede0
- Gene
- SBG9 MYB genee0
- Outcome
- strong differentiation of cellular outgrowth, including conical cellse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single SBG9 MYB gene was isolated from C. caroliniana and found to induce strong differentiation of cellular outgrowth, including conical cells, when ectopically expressed in Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
CcSBG9A1 expression had a spatial and temporal profile consistent with a role in conical cell development.
- Taxon
- Cabomba carolinianaCabomba carolinianae1
- Gene
- CcSBG9A1e0
- Outcome
- conical cell developmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CcSBG9A1 is spatially and temporally expressed in a profile which correlates with a role in conical cell development”
e1“from Cabomba caroliniana (Nymphaeales)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conical or subconical perianth cells were interpreted as ancient among angiosperms.
- Taxon
- angiospermsMagnoliopsidae0
- Outcome
- anciente0
Verbatim
e0“conical or subconical cells on perianth organs are ancient within the angiosperms”
Claim · model-written summary
A common genetic programme initiated by an SBG9 MYB transcription factor probably develops conical perianth cells.
- Taxon
- angiospermsMagnoliopsidae1
- Gene
- SBG9 MYB transcription factore0
- Outcome
- Conical petal epidermal cellst0
- Qualifier
- common genetic programmee0
Verbatim
e0“most probably develop using a common genetic programme initiated by a SBG9 MYB transcription factor”
e1“within the angiosperms”
t0“Conical petal epidermal cells”