Abstract
Drought stress caused by insufficient irrigation or precipitation impairs agricultural production worldwide. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coronatine (COR), a functional analog of jasmonic acid (JA), on maize drought resistance. The experiment included two water treatments (rainfed and irrigation), four COR concentrations (mock, 0 μmol L−1; A1, 0.1 μmol L−1; A2, 1 μmol L−1; A3, 10 μmol L−1) and two maize genotypes (Fumin 985 (FM985), a drought-resistant cultivar and Xianyu 335 (XY335), a drought-sensitive cultivar). Spraying 1 μmol L−1 COR at seedling stage increased surface root density and size, including root dry matter by 12.6%, projected root area by 19.0%, average root density by 51.9%, and thus root bleeding sap by 28.2% under drought conditions. COR application also increased leaf area and SPAD values, a result attributed to improvement of the root system and increases in abscisic acid (ABA), JA, and salicylic acid (SA) contents. The improvement of leaves and roots laid the foundation for increasing plant height and dry matter accumulation. COR application reduced anthesis and silking interval, increasing kernel number per ear. COR treatment at 1 μmol L−1 increased the yield of XY335 and FM985 by 7.9% and 11.0%, respectively. Correlation and path analysis showed that grain yields were correlated with root dry weight and projected root area, increasing maize drought resistance mainly via leaf area index and dry matter accumulation. Overall, COR increased maize drought resistance mainly by increasing root dry weight and root area, with 1 μmol L−1 COR as an optimal concentration.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine increased root dry matter by 12.6%.
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- Spraying 1 μmol L−1 CORe0
- Outcome
- root dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.6%e0
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying 1 μmol L−1 COR at seedling stage increased surface root density and size, including root dry matter by 12.6%, projected root area by 19.0%, average root density by 51.9%, and thus root bleeding sap by 28.2% under drought conditions.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine increased projected root area by 19.0%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying 1 μmol L−1 COR at seedling stage increased surface root density and size, including root dry matter by 12.6%, projected root area by 19.0%, average root density by 51.9%, and thus root bleeding sap by 28.2% under drought conditions.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine increased average root density by 51.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying 1 μmol L−1 COR at seedling stage increased surface root density and size, including root dry matter by 12.6%, projected root area by 19.0%, average root density by 51.9%, and thus root bleeding sap by 28.2% under drought conditions.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine increased root bleeding sap by 28.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying 1 μmol L−1 COR at seedling stage increased surface root density and size, including root dry matter by 12.6%, projected root area by 19.0%, average root density by 51.9%, and thus root bleeding sap by 28.2% under drought conditions.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine increased leaf area and SPAD values.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COR application also increased leaf area and SPAD values”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine increased abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid contents.
- Treatment
- COR applicatione0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA), JA, and salicylic acid (SA) contentse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COR application also increased leaf area and SPAD values, a result attributed to improvement of the root system and increases in abscisic acid (ABA), JA, and salicylic acid (SA) contents”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved roots and leaves supported greater plant height and dry matter accumulation.
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Outcome
- plant height and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The improvement of leaves and roots laid the foundation for increasing plant height and dry matter accumulation.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine reduced anthesis and silking interval.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COR application reduced anthesis and silking interval, increasing kernel number per ear.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine increasing kernel number per ear.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COR application reduced anthesis and silking interval, increasing kernel number per ear.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine at 1 μmol L−1 increased XY335 yield by 7.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COR treatment at 1 μmol L−1 increased the yield of XY335 and FM985 by 7.9% and 11.0%, respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine at 1 μmol L−1 increased FM985 yield by 11.0%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COR treatment at 1 μmol L−1 increased the yield of XY335 and FM985 by 7.9% and 11.0%, respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was correlated with root dry weight and projected root area.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields were correlated with root dry weight and projected root area”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were identified as main routes to increased drought resistance.
- Outcome
- maize drought resistancee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- via leaf area index and dry matter accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing maize drought resistance mainly via leaf area index and dry matter accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified increased root dry weight and area as the main route to drought resistance.
- Treatment
- CORe0
- Outcome
- maize drought resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increasing root dry weight and root areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COR increased maize drought resistance mainly by increasing root dry weight and root area”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 1 μmol L−1 coronatine as the optimal concentration.
- Outcome
- 1 μmol L−1 COR as an optimal concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with 1 μmol L−1 COR as an optimal concentration”
t0“maize”
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