Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heilongjiang Province has a long and cold winter season (the minimum temperature can reach -30 ℃), and few winter wheat varieties can safely overwinter. Dongnongdongmai1 (Dn1) is the first winter wheat variety that can safely overwinter in Heilongjiang Province. This variety fills the gap for winter wheat cultivation in the frigid region of China and greatly increases the land utilization rate. To understand the molecular mechanism of the cold response, we conducted RNA-sequencing analysis of Dn1 under cold stress. RESULTS: Approximately 120,000 genes were detected in Dn1 under cold stress. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the six comparison groups (0 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -5 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -10 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -15 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -20 ℃ vs. 5 ℃ and -25 ℃ vs. 5 ℃) were 11,313, 8313, 15,636, 13,671, 14,294 and 13,979, respectively. Gene Ontology functional annotation suggested that the DEGs under cold stress mainly had "binding", "protein kinase" and "catalytic" activities and were involved in "oxidation-reduction", "protein phosphorylation" and "carbohydrate metabolic" processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs performed important functions in cold signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, major transcription factors (AP2/ERF, bZIP, NAC, WRKY, bHLH and MYB) participating in the Dn1 cold stress response were activated by low temperature. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to explore the Dn1 transcriptome under cold stress. Our study comprehensively analysed the key genes involved in cold signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism in Dn1 under cold stress. The results obtained by transcriptome analysis could help to further explore the cold resistance mechanism of Dn1 and provide basis for breeding of cold-resistant crops.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Approximately 120,000 genes were detected in Dn1 under cold stress.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 120,000 genes were detected in Dn1 under cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The six temperature comparisons produced 11,313, 8313, 15,636, 13,671, 14,294, and 13,979 differentially expressed genes, respectively.
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 11,313, 8313, 15,636, 13,671, 14,294 and 13,979e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the six comparison groups (0 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -5 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -10 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -15 ℃ vs. 5 ℃, -20 ℃ vs. 5 ℃ and -25 ℃ vs. 5 ℃) were 11,313, 8313, 15,636, 13,671, 14,294 and 13,979, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold responsive genes were annotated with binding, protein kinase, and catalytic activities.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DEGs under cold stress mainly had "binding", "protein kinase" and "catalytic" activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold responsive genes were annotated with oxidation-reduction, protein phosphorylation, and carbohydrate metabolic processes.
- Outcome
- "oxidation-reduction", "protein phosphorylation" and "carbohydrate metabolic" processese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“were involved in "oxidation-reduction", "protein phosphorylation" and "carbohydrate metabolic" processes”
Claim · model-written summary
Enrichment indicated functions for differentially expressed genes in cold signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism.
- Outcome
- cold signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolisme0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the DEGs performed important functions in cold signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature activated the listed major transcription factors participating in Dn1 cold response.
- Taxon
- Dn1e0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee0
- Gene
- AP2/ERF, bZIP, NAC, WRKY, bHLH and MYBe0
- Outcome
- transcription factorse0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“major transcription factors (AP2/ERF, bZIP, NAC, WRKY, bHLH and MYB) participating in the Dn1 cold stress response were activated by low temperature”