Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is a major constraint for the growth, yield and nutritional quality of cowpea which results in nutritional disorders in humans. Micronutrients including molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) play a pivotal role in crop nutrition, and their role in different metabolic processes in crops has been highlighted. In order to increase the nutritional quality of cowpea, a field experiment was conducted for two years in which the effect of Mo along with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on productivity, nitrogen and micronutrient uptake, root length and the number of nodules in cowpea cultivation was investigated. It was found that the foliar application of Fe and Zn and their interaction with Mo application through seed priming as well as soil application displayed increased yield, nutrient concentration, uptake and growth parameters which helped to enhance the nutritional quality of cowpea for consumption by the human population. The results of the above experiments revealed that among all the treatments, the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment) enhanced the grain and stover yield of cowpea, exhibiting maximum values of 1402 and 6104.7 kg ha−1, respectively. Again, the M2F3 treatment resulted in higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively) of cowpea. Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment. The root length (30.5 cm), number of nodules per plant (73.0) and N uptake in grain and stover (55.39 and 46.15 kg ha−1) were also higher for this treatment. Overall, soil application of Mo along with the foliar application of FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) and ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) significantly improved yield outcomes, concentration, uptake, root length, nodules plant−1 and N uptake of cowpea to alleviate the micronutrient deficiency.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 produced maximum cowpea grain yield of 1402 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- grain and stover yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1402e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the grain and stover yield of cowpea, exhibiting maximum values of 1402 and 6104.7 kg ha−1”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 produced maximum cowpea stover yield of 6104.7 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6104.7 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the grain and stover yield of cowpea, exhibiting maximum values of 1402 and 6104.7 kg ha−1”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 raised Zn concentrations in the grain to 17.07 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.07e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively)”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 raised Fe concentrations in the grain to 109.3 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 109.3e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively)”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 raised Mo concentrations in the grain to 30.26 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- Mo concentrations in the graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30.26 mg kg−1e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively)”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 raised Zn concentrations in the stover to 17.99 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.99e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively)”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 raised Fe concentrations in the stover to 132.7 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 132.7e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively)”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 raised Mo concentrations in the stover to 31.22 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 31.22e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively)”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 maximized Uptake of Zn by the grain at 25.23 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the graine0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 25.23e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 maximized Uptake of Fe by the grain at 153.3 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the graine0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 153.3e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 maximized Uptake of Mo by the grain at 42.46 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the graine0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 42.46 g ha−1e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 maximized Uptake of Zn by the stover at 104.2 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 104.2e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 maximized Uptake of Fe by the stover at 809.9 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 809.9e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 maximized Uptake of Mo by the stover at 190.6 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 190.6 g ha−1e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 gave higher root length at 30.5 cm.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30.5 cme0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root length (30.5 cm), number of nodules per plant (73.0) and N uptake in grain and stover (55.39 and 46.15 kg ha−1) were also higher for this treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 gave higher number of nodules per plant at 73.0.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- number of nodules per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 73.0e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root length (30.5 cm), number of nodules per plant (73.0) and N uptake in grain and stover (55.39 and 46.15 kg ha−1) were also higher for this treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 gave higher N uptake in grain at 55.39 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- N uptake in graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55.39e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root length (30.5 cm), number of nodules per plant (73.0) and N uptake in grain and stover (55.39 and 46.15 kg ha−1) were also higher for this treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
M2F3 gave higher N uptake in stover at 46.15 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2Oe1
- Outcome
- N uptake in grain and stovere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 46.15 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root length (30.5 cm), number of nodules per plant (73.0) and N uptake in grain and stover (55.39 and 46.15 kg ha−1) were also higher for this treatment”
e1“the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment)”
e2“among all the treatments”
t0“Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
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