Abstract
China’s Two-line Hybrid Wheat Technology System is an important achievement resulting from novel domestic use of sterile lines to realize agroindustrial application of hybrid wheat. However, compared with hybrid rice and maize, the industrial application level of hybrid wheat is still in its early stage. The unstable production of hybrids, as well as their high cost and the large sowing amount of seeds required for their cultivation, have always limited the rapid industrialization of two-line hybrid wheat. Two-line hybrid wheat research and cultivation show that high-efficiency seed production is the core key technology for the successful industrialization of hybrid wheat. Moreover, the outcrossing performance of wheat photo-thermo sensitive sterile lines is the key to the success of seed production. Wheat photo-thermo sensitive sterile lines can change from selfing to outcrossing under seed production conditions, and their seed production characteristics are affected by various factors of both sterile lines and restorer lines. Breeding sterile lines and restorer lines with high combining ability and excellent outcrossing traits can effectively improve the seed setting rate and yield of outcrossing in seed production and also greatly reduce the cost of wheat hybrid seed production. In our study, the influencing factors and results of the seed production process were assessed based on related seed production experiments with two-line hybrid wheat conducted from 2016 to 2020. Outcrossing traits, such as female bloom traits of floret opening size and stigma exposure rate and male fertility traits of pollen dispersal distance, anther size, anther exposure rate, and pollen amount were significantly correlated with outcrossing performance. In the pollination stage, larger pollen amounts, shorter pollen dispersal distances, longer pollination durations of the restorer line, higher stigma exposure rates, and larger floret opening angles of the sterile line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and quality of the sterile line. The flowering period of male parents was 2–3 days later than that of female parents, which could be utilized to realize the effective preparation of temporal-spatial and physiological synergy. With the male parent comprising 5% of a mixed population, the yield of mixed seed production was significantly increased by 28.2% compared with even row ratio seed production. From 2019 to 2021, large-scale mixed seed production in the Nanyang area has achieved excellent results with large-scale seed production of BS1453/JS1 reaching 5273.4 kg/hm2. The establishment of a simple, scientific, safe, and efficient technology system for large-scale mixed seed production has solved the technical bottleneck of large-scale seed production of two-line hybrid wheat, providing theoretical and technical support for the popularization and widespread application of two-line hybrid wheat.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Female bloom traits of floret opening size and stigma exposure rate were significantly correlated with outcrossing performance.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- florete1
- Outcome
- outcrossing performancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e1“Outcrossing traits, such as female bloom traits of floret opening size and stigma exposure rate and male fertility traits of pollen dispersal distance, anther size, anther exposure rate, and pollen amount were significantly correlated with outcrossing performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Male fertility traits of pollen dispersal distance, anther size and anther exposure rate were significantly correlated with outcrossing performance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthere1
- Outcome
- outcrossing performancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e1“Outcrossing traits, such as female bloom traits of floret opening size and stigma exposure rate and male fertility traits of pollen dispersal distance, anther size, anther exposure rate, and pollen amount were significantly correlated with outcrossing performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen amount was significantly correlated with outcrossing performance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- pollene1
- Outcome
- outcrossing performancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e1“Outcrossing traits, such as female bloom traits of floret opening size and stigma exposure rate and male fertility traits of pollen dispersal distance, anther size, anther exposure rate, and pollen amount were significantly correlated with outcrossing performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger pollen amounts can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield and quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- larger pollen amountse2
- Outcome
- outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and qualitye2
- Direction
- improvee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e2“In the pollination stage, larger pollen amounts, shorter pollen dispersal distances, longer pollination durations of the restorer line, higher stigma exposure rates, and larger floret opening angles of the sterile line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and quality of the sterile line”
Claim · model-written summary
Shorter pollen dispersal distances can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield and quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shorter pollen dispersal distancese2
- Outcome
- outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and qualitye2
- Direction
- improvee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e2“In the pollination stage, larger pollen amounts, shorter pollen dispersal distances, longer pollination durations of the restorer line, higher stigma exposure rates, and larger floret opening angles of the sterile line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and quality of the sterile line”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer pollination durations of the restorer line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield and quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- longer pollination durations of the restorer linee2
- Outcome
- outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and qualitye2
- Direction
- improvee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e2“In the pollination stage, larger pollen amounts, shorter pollen dispersal distances, longer pollination durations of the restorer line, higher stigma exposure rates, and larger floret opening angles of the sterile line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and quality of the sterile line”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher stigma exposure rates can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield and quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher stigma exposure ratese2
- Outcome
- outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and qualitye2
- Direction
- improvee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e2“In the pollination stage, larger pollen amounts, shorter pollen dispersal distances, longer pollination durations of the restorer line, higher stigma exposure rates, and larger floret opening angles of the sterile line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and quality of the sterile line”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger floret opening angles of the sterile line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield and quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- larger floret opening angles of the sterile linee2
- Outcome
- outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and qualitye2
- Direction
- improvee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e2“In the pollination stage, larger pollen amounts, shorter pollen dispersal distances, longer pollination durations of the restorer line, higher stigma exposure rates, and larger floret opening angles of the sterile line can greatly improve the outcrossing seed setting rate, production yield, and quality of the sterile line”
Claim · model-written summary
The flowering period of male parents was 2–3 days later than that of female parents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- flowering period of male parentse3
- Direction
- latere3
- Value
- 2–3 dayse3
- Comparator
- that of female parentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e3“The flowering period of male parents was 2–3 days later than that of female parents”
Claim · model-written summary
With the male parent comprising 5% of a mixed population, the mixed seed production yield was significantly increased by 28.2% compared with even row ratio seed production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- male parent comprising 5% of a mixed populatione4
- Outcome
- yield of mixed seed productione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 28.2%e4
- Comparator
- even row ratio seed productione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e4“With the male parent comprising 5% of a mixed population, the yield of mixed seed production was significantly increased by 28.2% compared with even row ratio seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Large-scale mixed seed production in the Nanyang area reached 5273.4 kg/hm2 for BS1453/JS1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BS1453/JS1e5
- Outcome
- large-scale seed productione5
- Value
- 5273.4 kg/hm2e5
- Setting
- Nanyang areae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e5“large-scale mixed seed production in the Nanyang area has achieved excellent results with large-scale seed production of BS1453/JS1 reaching 5273.4 kg/hm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeding sterile lines and restorer lines with high combining ability and excellent outcrossing traits can improve the seed setting rate and yield of outcrossing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- Breeding sterile lines and restorer lines with high combining ability and excellent outcrossing traitse6
- Outcome
- seed setting rate and yield of outcrossinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Breeding sterile lines and restorer lines with high combining ability and excellent outcrossing traits can effectively improve the seed setting rate and yield of outcrossing in seed production and also greatly reduce the cost of wheat hybrid seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
The technology system solved the technical bottleneck of large-scale seed production of two-line hybrid wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- technical bottleneck of large-scale seed productione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two-line hybrid wheat”
e7“has solved the technical bottleneck of large-scale seed production of two-line hybrid wheat”
The same questions in other papers
maleate(2-) · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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