Abstract
KEY MESSAGE: Exposure of wheat to high temperatures during male meiosis prevents normal meiotic progression and reduces grain number. We define a temperature-sensitive period and link heat tolerance to chromosome 5D. This study assesses the effects of heat on meiotic progression and grain number in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring), defines a heat-sensitive stage and evaluates the role of chromosome 5D in heat tolerance. Plants were exposed to high temperatures (30 or 35 °C) in a controlled environment room for 20-h periods during meiosis and the premeiotic interphase just prior to meiosis. Examination of pollen mother cells (PMCs) from immature anthers immediately before and after heat treatment enabled precise identification of the developmental phases being exposed to heat. A temperature-sensitive period was defined, lasting from premeiotic interphase to late leptotene, during which heat can prevent PMCs from progressing through meiosis. PMCs exposed to 35 °C were less likely to progress than those exposed to 30 °C. Grain number per spike was reduced at 30 °C, and reduced even further at 35 °C. Chinese Spring nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B (N5DT5B) plants, which lack chromosome 5D, were more susceptible to heat during premeiosis-leptotene than Chinese Spring plants with the normal (euploid) chromosome complement. The proportion of plants with PMCs progressing through meiosis after heat treatment was lower for N5DT5B plants than for euploids, but the difference was not significant. However, following exposure to 30 °C, in euploid plants grain number was reduced (though not significantly), whereas in N5DT5B plants the reduction was highly significant. After exposure to 35 °C, the reduction in grain number was highly significant for both genotypes. Implications of these findings for the breeding of thermotolerant wheat are discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
High-temperature exposure during male meiosis prevents normal meiotic progression in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- high temperatures during male meiosise0
- Outcome
- normal meiotic progressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of wheat to high temperatures during male meiosis prevents normal meiotic progression and reduces grain number”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High-temperature exposure during male meiosis reduces grain number in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperatures during male meiosise0
- Outcome
- grain numbere0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of wheat to high temperatures during male meiosis prevents normal meiotic progression and reduces grain number”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A temperature-sensitive period, from premeiotic interphase to late leptotene, was defined during which heat can prevent PMCs from progressing through meiosis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- premeiotic interphase to late leptotenee1
- Outcome
- temperature-sensitive periode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A temperature-sensitive period was defined, lasting from premeiotic interphase to late leptotene, during which heat can prevent PMCs from progressing through meiosis”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PMCs exposed to 35 °C were less likely to progress through meiosis than PMCs exposed to 30 °C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- PMCse2
- Treatment
- exposed to 35 °Ce2
- Outcome
- progresse2
- Direction
- less likelye2
- Comparator
- those exposed to 30 °Ce2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“PMCs exposed to 35 °C were less likely to progress than those exposed to 30 °C”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain number per spike was reduced at 30 °C in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 30 °Ce3
- Outcome
- Grain number per spikee3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Grain number per spike was reduced at 30 °C, and reduced even further at 35 °C”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain number per spike was reduced even further at 35 °C than at 30 °C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 35 °Ce3
- Outcome
- Grain number per spikee3
- Direction
- reduced even furthere3
- Comparator
- 30 °Ce3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Grain number per spike was reduced at 30 °C, and reduced even further at 35 °C”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosome 5D nullisomic N5DT5B plants were more susceptible to heat during premeiosis-leptotene than euploid Chinese Spring plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Chinese Spring nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B (N5DT5B)e4
- Treatment
- heat during premeiosis-leptotenee4
- Outcome
- susceptible to heate4
- Direction
- more susceptiblee4
- Comparator
- Chinese Spring plants with the normal (euploid) chromosome complemente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Chinese Spring nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B (N5DT5B) plants, which lack chromosome 5D, were more susceptible to heat during premeiosis-leptotene than Chinese Spring plants with the normal (euploid) chromosome complement”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of N5DT5B plants with PMCs progressing through meiosis after heat treatment was lower than for euploids, but not significantly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- N5DT5Be5
- Treatment
- heat treatmente5
- Outcome
- proportion of plants with PMCs progressing through meiosise5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- euploidse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The proportion of plants with PMCs progressing through meiosis after heat treatment was lower for N5DT5B plants than for euploids, but the difference was not significant”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In euploid plants, grain number was reduced after exposure to 30 °C, though not significantly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- euploid plantse6
- Treatment
- exposure to 30 °Ce6
- Outcome
- grain numbere6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- though not significantlye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“However, following exposure to 30 °C, in euploid plants grain number was reduced (though not significantly), whereas in N5DT5B plants the reduction was highly significant”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In N5DT5B plants, the reduction in grain number after exposure to 30 °C was highly significant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- N5DT5B plantse6
- Treatment
- exposure to 30 °Ce6
- Outcome
- grain numbere6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“However, following exposure to 30 °C, in euploid plants grain number was reduced (though not significantly), whereas in N5DT5B plants the reduction was highly significant”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
After exposure to 35 °C, the reduction in grain number was highly significant for N5DT5B plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- N5DT5Be4
- Treatment
- exposure to 35 °Ce7
- Outcome
- grain numbere7
- Direction
- reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“After exposure to 35 °C, the reduction in grain number was highly significant for both genotypes”
e4“Chinese Spring nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B (N5DT5B) plants, which lack chromosome 5D, were more susceptible to heat during premeiosis-leptotene than Chinese Spring plants with the normal (euploid) chromosome complement”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
After exposure to 35 °C, the reduction in grain number was highly significant for euploid plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- euploide4
- Treatment
- exposure to 35 °Ce7
- Outcome
- grain numbere7
- Direction
- reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“After exposure to 35 °C, the reduction in grain number was highly significant for both genotypes”
e4“Chinese Spring nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B (N5DT5B) plants, which lack chromosome 5D, were more susceptible to heat during premeiosis-leptotene than Chinese Spring plants with the normal (euploid) chromosome complement”
t0“hexaploid wheat”
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