Abstract
Phytohormones play an important role in regulating the maturation process and the quality-related metabolite accumulation of fruits, and their concentration variation has always been concerned during fruit development. However, berry fruits, such as grape berries, are rich in a large number of secondary metabolites, which brings great challenges to the isolation and determination of hormones. In this work, we used grapes as experimental materials and proposed a solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol to efficiently isolate multiple hormones from phenol-rich matrix using a mixture of dichloromethane, methanol and formic acid as eluent. A highly sensitive method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to quantify a total of 11 plant growth regulators, including the recognized phytohormones, in grape pericarp and seed. The established method showed satisfactory precision (RSD < 11.3%) and linearity (R2 > 0.9980). The limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.001–0.75 ng/mL and 0.004–2.5 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery for the three levels of analytes spiked ranged from 63% to 118%, and the matrix effect was between 73% and 119%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to investigate the dynamic hormone concentration in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon berries from different vineyards, and assess the changes in endogenous hormones in grapes after treatment with exogenous growth regulators. We found that the contents of IP, ABA and IAA in pericarp and IP, IAA, IBA and SA in seed were significantly down-regulated after 10 days of treatment with NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L. In conclusion, this method helps to elucidate the role played by phytohormones in the maturation process and the accumulation of quality-related metabolites in phenol-rich fruits.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The UHPLC-MS/MS method showed satisfactory precision (RSD < 11.3%).
Verbatim
t0“Detection of Multiple Phytohormones from Grape Berry”
e1“The established method showed satisfactory precision (RSD < 11.3%) and linearity (R2 > 0.9980)”
Claim · model-written summary
The UHPLC-MS/MS method showed satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.9980).
Verbatim
t0“Detection of Multiple Phytohormones from Grape Berry”
e1“The established method showed satisfactory precision (RSD < 11.3%) and linearity (R2 > 0.9980)”
Claim · model-written summary
The recovery of the three spiked analyte levels ranged from 63% to 118%.
Verbatim
t0“Detection of Multiple Phytohormones from Grape Berry”
e2“The recovery for the three levels of analytes spiked ranged from 63% to 118%, and the matrix effect was between 73% and 119%”
Claim · model-written summary
The matrix effect was between 73% and 119%.
Verbatim
t0“Detection of Multiple Phytohormones from Grape Berry”
e2“The recovery for the three levels of analytes spiked ranged from 63% to 118%, and the matrix effect was between 73% and 119%”
Claim · model-written summary
The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.001–0.75 ng/mL.
Verbatim
t0“Detection of Multiple Phytohormones from Grape Berry”
e3“The limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.001–0.75 ng/mL and 0.004–2.5 ng/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.004–2.5 ng/mL.
Verbatim
t0“Detection of Multiple Phytohormones from Grape Berry”
e3“The limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.001–0.75 ng/mL and 0.004–2.5 ng/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 10 and 40 mg/L significantly down-regulated IP, ABA and IAA contents in grape pericarp after 10 days.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferae5 - Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone5
- Organ / stage
- pericarpe4
- Treatment
- NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/Le4
- Outcome
- contents of IP, ABA and IAAe4
- Direction
- down-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“We found that the contents of IP, ABA and IAA in pericarp and IP, IAA, IBA and SA in seed were significantly down-regulated after 10 days of treatment with NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L”
e5“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon berries”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 10 and 40 mg/L significantly down-regulated IP, IAA and IBA contents in grape seed after 10 days.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae5
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone5
- Organ / stage
- seede4
- Treatment
- NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/Le4
- Outcome
- IP, IAA, IBAe4
- Direction
- down-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“We found that the contents of IP, ABA and IAA in pericarp and IP, IAA, IBA and SA in seed were significantly down-regulated after 10 days of treatment with NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L”
e5“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon berries”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 10 and 40 mg/L significantly down-regulated SA content in grape seed after 10 days.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae5
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone5
- Organ / stage
- seede4
- Treatment
- NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/Le4
- Outcome
- SAe4
- Direction
- down-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“We found that the contents of IP, ABA and IAA in pericarp and IP, IAA, IBA and SA in seed were significantly down-regulated after 10 days of treatment with NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L”
e5“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon berries”