Abstract
Drought severely affects soybean productivity, challenging breeding/management strategies to increase crop resilience. Hormone-based biostimulants like brassinosteroids (BRs) modulate growth/defence trade-off, mitigating yield losses; yet, natural molecule's low stability challenges the development of cost-effective and long-lasting analogues. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of BR functional analogue DI-31 in soybean physiology under drought by assessing changes in growth, photosynthesis, water relations, antioxidant metabolism, nodulation, and nitrogen homeostasis. Moreover, DI-31 application frequencies' effects on crop cycle and commercial cultivar yield stabilisation under drought were assessed. A single foliar application of DI-31 favoured plant drought tolerance, preventing reductions in canopy development and enhancing plant performance and water use since the early stages of stress. The analogue also increased the antioxidant response, favouring nitrogen homeostasis maintenance and attenuating the nodular senescence. Moreover, foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 days enhanced the absolute yield by ~ 9% and reduced drought-induced yield losses by ~ 7% in four commercial cultivars, increasing their drought tolerance efficiency by ~ 12%. These findings demonstrated the practical value of DI-31 as an environmentally friendly alternative for integrative soybean resilience management under drought.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A single foliar application of DI-31 favoured plant drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt1 - Treatment
- A single foliar application of DI-31e1
- Outcome
- plant drought tolerancee1
- Direction
- favourede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e1“A single foliar application of DI-31 favoured plant drought tolerance, preventing reductions in canopy development and enhancing plant performance and water use since the early stages of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
DI-31 prevented reductions in canopy development under drought.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- A single foliar application of DI-31e1
- Outcome
- canopy developmente1
- Direction
- preventing reductions ine1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e1“A single foliar application of DI-31 favoured plant drought tolerance, preventing reductions in canopy development and enhancing plant performance and water use since the early stages of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
DI-31 enhanced plant performance and water use under drought.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- A single foliar application of DI-31e1
- Outcome
- plant performance and water usee1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e1“A single foliar application of DI-31 favoured plant drought tolerance, preventing reductions in canopy development and enhancing plant performance and water use since the early stages of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The DI-31 analogue increased the antioxidant response in drought-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- analoguee2
- Outcome
- antioxidant responsee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e2“The analogue also increased the antioxidant response, favouring nitrogen homeostasis maintenance and attenuating the nodular senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
The DI-31 analogue favoured nitrogen homeostasis maintenance in drought-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- analoguee2
- Outcome
- nitrogen homeostasis maintenancee2
- Direction
- favouringe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e2“The analogue also increased the antioxidant response, favouring nitrogen homeostasis maintenance and attenuating the nodular senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
The DI-31 analogue attenuated nodular senescence in drought-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- analoguee2
- Outcome
- nodular senescencee2
- Direction
- attenuatinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e2“The analogue also increased the antioxidant response, favouring nitrogen homeostasis maintenance and attenuating the nodular senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar DI-31 every 21 days enhanced absolute soybean yield by about 9% in four commercial cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Material
- four commercial cultivarse3
- Treatment
- foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 dayse3
- Outcome
- absolute yielde3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- ~ 9%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e3“foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 days enhanced the absolute yield by ~ 9% and reduced drought-induced yield losses by ~ 7% in four commercial cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar DI-31 every 21 days reduced drought-induced soybean yield losses by about 7%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Material
- four commercial cultivarse3
- Treatment
- foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 dayse3
- Outcome
- drought-induced yield lossese3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- ~ 7%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e3“foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 days enhanced the absolute yield by ~ 9% and reduced drought-induced yield losses by ~ 7% in four commercial cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar DI-31 every 21 days increased drought tolerance efficiency by about 12% in soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt1
- Material
- four commercial cultivarse3
- Treatment
- foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 dayse3
- Outcome
- drought tolerance efficiencye4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- ~ 12%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“soybean drought resilience”
e3“foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 days enhanced the absolute yield by ~ 9% and reduced drought-induced yield losses by ~ 7% in four commercial cultivars”
e4“increasing their drought tolerance efficiency by ~ 12%”
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