Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a fairly widespread agronomic constraint in many of the world’s cereal (wheat, rice, corn, barley, etc.) production regions. Zinc is an imperative micronutrient required for optimum plant growth and development. Low Zn availability in about 50% of global land has resulted in Zn deficiency in cereal grains. A two-year field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, during Rabi season 2018–19 (Y1) and 2019–20 (Y2) to study the impact of Zn levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1), compost types (control, composted sheep manure (SMC), composted poultry manure (PMC) and farmyard manure compost (FYMC), and Zn-solubilizing bacteria (ZnSB) (with (+) and without (-) on Zn biofortification in order to overcome Zn deficiency. The experiment was set up in three replications in a randomized complete block design. The wheat variety “Pirsabak-2013” was planted in a 30 cm row-to-row spacing. The plot size was kept at 9 cm2, with 10 rows plot−1, and the seed was sown at a rate of 100 kg ha−1. The results showed that ZnSB application increased ShZnC (shoot Zn concentration) to a maximum level of 29.3 mg kg−1, ShZnUp (shoot Zn uptake) to 176.0 g ha−1, SZnUp (straw Zn uptake) to 116.67 g ha−1, and TZnUp (total Zn uptake) to 230.3 g ha−1. In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1). In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1. A strong positive correlation was found among uptake by different plant parts (ZnG, ZnS, ShZnUp, GZnUp, SZnUp, and TZnUp). It was concluded that the combined application of PMC and 10 kg Zn ha−1 along with ZnSB (+) improved Zn biofortification and uptake in wheat crop under Zn-deficient soils.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSB application increased shoot Zn concentration to a maximum of 29.3 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- ZnSB applicatione1
- Outcome
- ShZnC (shoot Zn concentration)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 29.3 mg kg−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e1“ZnSB application increased ShZnC (shoot Zn concentration) to a maximum level of 29.3 mg kg−1, ShZnUp (shoot Zn uptake) to 176.0 g ha−1, SZnUp (straw Zn uptake) to 116.67 g ha−1, and TZnUp (total Zn uptake) to 230.3 g ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSB application increased shoot Zn uptake to a maximum of 176.0 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ZnSB applicatione1
- Outcome
- ShZnUp (shoot Zn uptake)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 176.0 g ha−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e1“ZnSB application increased ShZnC (shoot Zn concentration) to a maximum level of 29.3 mg kg−1, ShZnUp (shoot Zn uptake) to 176.0 g ha−1, SZnUp (straw Zn uptake) to 116.67 g ha−1, and TZnUp (total Zn uptake) to 230.3 g ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSB application increased straw Zn uptake to 116.67 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ZnSB applicatione1
- Outcome
- SZnUp (straw Zn uptake)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 116.67 g ha−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e1“ZnSB application increased ShZnC (shoot Zn concentration) to a maximum level of 29.3 mg kg−1, ShZnUp (shoot Zn uptake) to 176.0 g ha−1, SZnUp (straw Zn uptake) to 116.67 g ha−1, and TZnUp (total Zn uptake) to 230.3 g ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSB application increased total Zn uptake to 230.3 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ZnSB applicatione1
- Outcome
- TZnUp (total Zn uptake)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 230.3 g ha−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e1“ZnSB application increased ShZnC (shoot Zn concentration) to a maximum level of 29.3 mg kg−1, ShZnUp (shoot Zn uptake) to 176.0 g ha−1, SZnUp (straw Zn uptake) to 116.67 g ha−1, and TZnUp (total Zn uptake) to 230.3 g ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
PMC gave the maximum grain Zn uptake, 28.9 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PMCe2
- Outcome
- grain Zn uptake (GZnUp)e2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 28.9 mg kg−1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e2“In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
PMC gave the maximum shoot Zn uptake, 192.9 g ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e2“In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
PMC gave the maximum grain Zn concentration, 33.4 mg kg−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e2“In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
PMC gave the maximum grain Zn uptake, 125.06 g ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e2“In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
PMC gave the maximum straw Zn uptake, 125.26 g ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e2“In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
PMC gave the maximum total Zn uptake, 250.3 g ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e2“In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Zn rate, 15 kg Zn ha−1, gave higher shoot Zn concentration, 31.5 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1e3
- Outcome
- ShZnCe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 31.5 mg kg−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e3“In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Zn rate, 15 kg Zn ha−1, gave higher shoot Zn uptake, 191.3 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1e3
- Outcome
- ShZnUpe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 191.3 g ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e3“In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Zn rate, 15 kg Zn ha−1, gave higher grain Zn concentration, 34.4 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1e3
- Outcome
- GZnCe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 34.4 mg kg−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e3“In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Zn rate, 15 kg Zn ha−1, gave higher straw Zn concentration, 23.5 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1e3
- Outcome
- SZnCe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 23.5 mg kg−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e3“In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Zn rate, 15 kg Zn ha−1, gave higher grain Zn uptake, 128.98 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1e3
- Outcome
- GZnUpe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 128.98 g ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e3“In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Zn rate, 15 kg Zn ha−1, gave higher straw Zn uptake, 129.29 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1e3
- Outcome
- SZnUpe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 129.29 g ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e3“In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Zn rate, 15 kg Zn ha−1, gave higher total Zn uptake, 258.3 g ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1e3
- Outcome
- TZnUpe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 258.3 g ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e3“In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Uptake by different plant parts was strongly and positively correlated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- different plant partse4
- Outcome
- uptake by different plant partse4
- Direction
- positivee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e4“A strong positive correlation was found among uptake by different plant parts (ZnG, ZnS, ShZnUp, GZnUp, SZnUp, and TZnUp)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined application of PMC, 10 kg Zn ha−1 and ZnSB (+) improved Zn biofortification and uptake in wheat under Zn-deficient soils.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of PMC and 10 kg Zn ha−1 along with ZnSB (+)e5
- Outcome
- Zn biofortification and uptakee5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Qualifier
- Zn-deficient soilse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc Biofortification of Wheat”
e5“the combined application of PMC and 10 kg Zn ha−1 along with ZnSB (+) improved Zn biofortification and uptake in wheat crop under Zn-deficient soils”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 277 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.