Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the main tropical fruit crops worldwide. Although mostly grown in open fields, protected cultivation of mango has recently increased. Pollination in mango mainly occurs by flies (myophily) among which the group of eristaline hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) stands out. Greenhouse studies were conducted on the pollination services provided by Eristalinus aeneus released at three densities in a protected mango orchard in southern Spain, during two consecutive seasons (2019 and 2020). Medium and high densities (30 and 45 individuals per square meter, respectively) led to higher number of floral visits to the middle and apical portions of the inflorescences where hermaphrodite flowers are more common, which resulted in more pollen grains being transferred to the stigma of fertile flowers. Medium and high densities of E. aeneus increased yields and improved fruit quality compared to low density (15 individuals per square meter), no insect release, and conventional pollination management using bumblebees. Yield enhancement achieved by using hoverflies as pollinating agents at medium and high densities implies an economic gain for farmers ranging from 16% to 29% in 2019 and from 212% to 456% in 2020. Therefore, our results suggest that medium and high densities of E. aeneus are profitable pollination solutions for mango cultivated under greenhouses.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high hoverfly densities increased floral visits to middle and apical inflorescence portions.
- Taxon
- mango
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicat0 - Organ / stage
- middle and apical portions of the inflorescencese0
- Treatment
- Medium and high densities (30 and 45 individuals per square meter, respectively)e0
- Outcome
- number of floral visitse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Medium and high densities (30 and 45 individuals per square meter, respectively) led to higher number of floral visits to the middle and apical portions of the inflorescences”
t0“Hoverfly pollination enhances yield and fruit quality in mango under protected cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high hoverfly densities increased pollen grains transferred to fertile flower stigmas.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Hoverfly pollinationt0
- Outcome
- pollen grains being transferred to the stigma of fertile flowerse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which resulted in more pollen grains being transferred to the stigma of fertile flowers”
t0“Hoverfly pollination enhances yield and fruit quality in mango under protected cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high E. aeneus densities increased mango yields relative to low density, no release and bumblebee management.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Medium and high densities of E. aeneuse0
- Interactor
- E. aeneus
_aeneus_female_diagonal.jpg?width=60)
Eristalinus aeneuse0pollinator - Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- low density (15 individuals per square meter), no insect release, and conventional pollination management using bumblebeese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_aeneus_female_diagonal.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Medium and high densities of E. aeneus increased yields and improved fruit quality compared to low density (15 individuals per square meter), no insect release, and conventional pollination management using bumblebees”
t0“Hoverfly pollination enhances yield and fruit quality in mango under protected cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high E. aeneus densities improved mango fruit quality against the same comparators.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Medium and high densities of E. aeneuse0
- Interactor
- E. aeneusEristalinus aeneuse0pollinator
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- low density (15 individuals per square meter), no insect release, and conventional pollination management using bumblebeese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medium and high densities of E. aeneus increased yields and improved fruit quality compared to low density (15 individuals per square meter), no insect release, and conventional pollination management using bumblebees”
t0“Hoverfly pollination enhances yield and fruit quality in mango under protected cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Hoverflies at medium and high densities yielded a 16% to 29% economic gain in 2019.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- economic gain for farmerse0
- Value
- 16% to 29%e0
- Setting
- 2019e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“economic gain for farmers ranging from 16% to 29% in 2019”
t0“Hoverfly pollination enhances yield and fruit quality in mango under protected cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Hoverflies at medium and high densities yielded a 212% to 456% economic gain in 2020.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- yieldt0
- Value
- 212% to 456%e0
- Setting
- 2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from 212% to 456% in 2020”
t0“Hoverfly pollination enhances yield and fruit quality in mango under protected cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend medium and high E. aeneus densities as profitable greenhouse mango pollination.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- medium and high densities of E. aeneuse0
- Interactor
- E. aeneusEristalinus aeneuse0pollinator
- Outcome
- profitable pollination solutionse0
- Setting
- greenhousese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“medium and high densities of E. aeneus are profitable pollination solutions for mango cultivated under greenhouses”
t0“Hoverfly pollination enhances yield and fruit quality in mango under protected cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · yield · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.