Abstract
Saline-alkaline stress is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses that restrict the yield and physiological activity of maize (Zea mays L.). In the present study, maize was planted on saline-alkali land, while 25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307) and 40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) were sprayed at the stage of nine expanded leaves. Our results showed that both S3307 and ALA applications significantly increased all ear width, volume, and mass in the maturity stage. Both applications also upregulated photosynthetic efficiency via increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, as well as reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration after the silking stage. In addition, both applications upregulated further the antioxidant system via enhancing the activity of antioxidants and contents of soluble protein and sugar, as well as reducing the malondialdehyde content after the silking stage. Thus, both S3307 and ALA applications can improve maize yield in saline-alkali land via enhancing ear morphology and increasing photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Uniconazole significantly increased maize ear width, volume and mass at maturity.
- Organ / stage
- maturity stagee1
- Treatment
- 25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)e0
- Outcome
- ear width, volume, and masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)”
e1“both S3307 and ALA applications significantly increased all ear width, volume, and mass in the maturity stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
5-aminolevulinic acid significantly increased maize ear width, volume and mass at maturity.
- Treatment
- 40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)e0
- Outcome
- ear width, volume, and masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)”
e1“both S3307 and ALA applications significantly increased all ear width, volume, and mass in the maturity stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uniconazole increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate after silking.
- Organ / stage
- silking stagee1
- Treatment
- 25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration ratee1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)”
e1“Both applications also upregulated photosynthetic efficiency via increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, as well as reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration after the silking stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
5-aminolevulinic acid increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate after silking.
- Treatment
- 40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration ratee1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)”
e1“Both applications also upregulated photosynthetic efficiency via increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, as well as reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration after the silking stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uniconazole increased stomatal conductance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)”
e1“increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
5-aminolevulinic acid increased stomatal conductance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)”
e1“increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uniconazole reduced intercellular CO2 concentration after silking.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)”
e1“reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration after the silking stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
5-aminolevulinic acid reduced intercellular CO2 concentration after silking.
- Treatment
- 40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)e0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentratione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)”
e1“reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration after the silking stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uniconazole enhanced antioxidant activity and soluble protein and sugar contents.
- Treatment
- 25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)e0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidants and contents of soluble protein and sugare1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)”
e1“both applications upregulated further the antioxidant system via enhancing the activity of antioxidants and contents of soluble protein and sugar”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
5-aminolevulinic acid enhanced antioxidant activity and soluble protein and sugar contents.
- Treatment
- 40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)e0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidants and contents of soluble protein and sugare1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)”
e1“both applications upregulated further the antioxidant system via enhancing the activity of antioxidants and contents of soluble protein and sugar”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uniconazole reduced malondialdehyde content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)”
e1“reducing the malondialdehyde content after the silking stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
5-aminolevulinic acid reduced malondialdehyde content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)”
e1“reducing the malondialdehyde content after the silking stage”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uniconazole improved maize yield in saline-alkali land.
- Treatment
- 25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)e1
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Setting
- saline-alkali lande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both S3307 and ALA applications can improve maize yield in saline-alkali land”
e1“25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307)”
Claim · model-written summary
5-aminolevulinic acid improved maize yield in saline-alkali land.
- Treatment
- 40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)e1
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Setting
- saline-alkali lande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both S3307 and ALA applications can improve maize yield in saline-alkali land”
e1“40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)”
The same questions in other papers
5-aminolevulinic acid · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
uniconazole · physiology: gas exchange · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
uniconazole · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
5-aminolevulinic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
uniconazole · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
uniconazole · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5-aminolevulinic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.