Abstract
Nutrient and weed management in crops and especially cropping system play an important role to enhance productivity and sustainability in different cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate the effect of nutrient management in preceding crops and integrated weed management practices in summer greengram on weeds growth and greengram productivity. The nutrients were applied in previous rice and maize crops and greengram was grown under residual soil fertility. The inorganic nitrogenous (N) fertilizer (25% of recommended dose) was substituted with bulky organic manures [farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost] and concentrated organic manures [Brassica seed meal (BSM) and neem cake]. The weed management treatments comprised of: herbicide use alone [post-emergence application (PoE) of imazethapyr 100 g/ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS)] and integrated weed management approach [pre-emergence application (PE) of pendimethalin 750 g/ha at 2 DAS followed by (fb) hoeing at 25 DAS]. The addition of concentrated organic manures (BSM and neem cake) effectively reduced the germination and overall growth of the weeds probably due to released allelochemicals. The N supplementation using neem cake and BSM decreased the weed biomass and reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds, and enhanced the nutrient uptake of greengram crop which ultimately enhanced the greengram growth and seed yield. This effect was more pronounced in the second year of study due to repeated application of organic manures. In comparison to use of herbicide alone (imazethapyr), the integrated weed management (pendimethalin PE fb hoeing) reduced the weed density and biomass accumulation by ~50 and 80%, respectively. The integrated weed management also enhanced the greengram seed yield by 12 and 9% compared to herbicide usage alone during 2015 and 2016, respectively.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica seed meal reduced weed germination and growth.
- Taxon
- summer greengram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatat0 - Treatment
- BSMe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- germination and overall growth of the weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The addition of concentrated organic manures (BSM and neem cake) effectively reduced the germination and overall growth of the weeds probably due to released allelochemicals.”
e1“Brassica seed meal (BSM)”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake reduced weed germination and growth.
- Taxon
- summer greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- neem cakee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- germination and overall growth of the weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of concentrated organic manures (BSM and neem cake) effectively reduced the germination and overall growth of the weeds probably due to released allelochemicals.”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelochemicals were proposed as the cause of reduced weed growth.
- Taxon
- summer greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- germination and overall growth of the weedse0
- Qualifier
- probably due to released allelochemicalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the germination and overall growth of the weeds probably due to released allelochemicals.”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake nitrogen supplementation decreased weed biomass and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- summer greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- neem cakee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomass and reduced the nutrient uptake by weedse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N supplementation using neem cake and BSM decreased the weed biomass and reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica seed meal nitrogen supplementation decreased weed biomass and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- summer greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- BSMe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomass and reduced the nutrient uptake by weedse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N supplementation using neem cake and BSM decreased the weed biomass and reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake nitrogen supplementation enhanced greengram nutrient uptake, growth and seed yield.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- neem cakee0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake of greengram crope0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N supplementation using neem cake and BSM decreased the weed biomass and reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds, and enhanced the nutrient uptake of greengram crop which ultimately enhanced the greengram growth and seed yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica seed meal nitrogen supplementation enhanced greengram nutrient uptake, growth and seed yield.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- BSMe0
- Outcome
- greengram growth and seed yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N supplementation using neem cake and BSM decreased the weed biomass and reduced the nutrient uptake by weeds, and enhanced the nutrient uptake of greengram crop which ultimately enhanced the greengram growth and seed yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The manure effects were stronger in the second year.
- Taxon
- summer greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- second year of studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This effect was more pronounced in the second year of study due to repeated application of organic manures.”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management reduced weed density by about 50% versus imazethapyr alone.
- Taxon
- summer greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin PE fb hoeinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ~50e0
- Comparator
- imazethapyre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to use of herbicide alone (imazethapyr), the integrated weed management (pendimethalin PE fb hoeing) reduced the weed density and biomass accumulation by ~50 and 80%, respectively.”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management reduced weed biomass accumulation by about 80% versus imazethapyr alone.
- Taxon
- summer greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin PE fb hoeinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Comparator
- imazethapyre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to use of herbicide alone (imazethapyr), the integrated weed management (pendimethalin PE fb hoeing) reduced the weed density and biomass accumulation by ~50 and 80%, respectively.”
t0“summer greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management raised greengram seed yield by 12% in 2015 versus herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Outcome
- greengram seed yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 12e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Comparator
- herbicide usage alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated weed management also enhanced the greengram seed yield by 12 and 9% compared to herbicide usage alone during 2015 and 2016, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management raised greengram seed yield by 9% in 2016 versus herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Outcome
- greengram seed yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Comparator
- herbicide usage alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated weed management also enhanced the greengram seed yield by 12 and 9% compared to herbicide usage alone during 2015 and 2016, respectively.”
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