Abstract
The most serious disease of the apple tree in all areas of its growth is scab. In the integrated apple tree protection system, the main method is chemical. However, the use of chemical fungicides is characterized by the risk of developing resistance to them by pathogen. The sensitivity of 118 monospore isolates of Venturia inaequalis was studied from three orchards of Jeromine, Reinette Simirenko and Gala cultivars, differing in the frequency of application of difenoconazole. Sensitivity was determined using the discriminatory dose technique (0.01 mg/l of active substance) in terms of RG, the relative growth of the mycelium. RG was expressed as the degree of change in mycelium growth in a nutrient medium with fungicide relative to the control variant in percent. All pathogen populations studied differed significantly in mean RG values. Populations treated three times per season with difenoconazole had higher RG values compared to populations treated two times. From Gala orchard, for some isolates, a stimulating effect of a discriminatory dose of difenoconazole on their growth was observed, that is, a hormesis effect was manifested. The proportion of isolates with RG values above the cutoff value, which was 84 and 100 % for the Reinette Simirenko and Gala orchards, may indicate that the pathogen populations studied are resistant, and in these orchards, there may be a decrease in the effectiveness of protection against apple scab. The discriminatory dose technique allowed us to objectively and promptly assess the sensitivity of V. inaequalis populations from orchards with varying intensity use of difenoconazole.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Venturia inaequalis populations from the three apple orchards differed significantly in mean RG values
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise0pathogen - Outcome
- mean RG valuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple scab pathogen”
e0“The sensitivity of 118 monospore isolates of Venturia inaequalis was studied from three orchards of Jeromine, Reinette Simirenko and Gala cultivars, differing in the frequency of application of difenoconazole”
e1“All pathogen populations studied differed significantly in mean RG values”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple scab populations treated three times per season with difenoconazole had higher RG values than populations treated two times
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- treated three times per season with difenoconazolee2
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- RG valuese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- populations treated two timese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple scab pathogen”
e0“The sensitivity of 118 monospore isolates of Venturia inaequalis was studied from three orchards of Jeromine, Reinette Simirenko and Gala cultivars, differing in the frequency of application of difenoconazole”
e2“Populations treated three times per season with difenoconazole had higher RG values compared to populations treated two times”
Claim · model-written summary
A discriminatory dose of difenoconazole stimulated the growth of some Venturia inaequalis isolates from Gala orchard
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- discriminatory dose of difenoconazolee3
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- their growthe3
- Direction
- stimulating effecte3
- Setting
- Gala orcharde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple scab pathogen”
e0“The sensitivity of 118 monospore isolates of Venturia inaequalis was studied from three orchards of Jeromine, Reinette Simirenko and Gala cultivars, differing in the frequency of application of difenoconazole”
e3“From Gala orchard, for some isolates, a stimulating effect of a discriminatory dose of difenoconazole on their growth was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Proportion of isolates with RG above the cutoff value was 84 and 100 % in the Reinette Simirenko and Gala orchards
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- proportion of isolates with RG values above the cutoff valuee4
- Value
- 84 and 100 %e4
- Setting
- Reinette Simirenko and Gala orchardse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple scab pathogen”
e0“The sensitivity of 118 monospore isolates of Venturia inaequalis was studied from three orchards of Jeromine, Reinette Simirenko and Gala cultivars, differing in the frequency of application of difenoconazole”
e4“The proportion of isolates with RG values above the cutoff value, which was 84 and 100 % for the Reinette Simirenko and Gala orchards, may indicate that the pathogen populations studied are resistant, and in these orchards, there may be a decrease in the effectiveness of protection against apple scab”
Claim · model-written summary
Effectiveness of apple scab protection may decrease in the Reinette Simirenko and Gala orchards
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- effectiveness of protection against apple scabe4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Setting
- Reinette Simirenko and Gala orchardse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple scab pathogen”
e4“The proportion of isolates with RG values above the cutoff value, which was 84 and 100 % for the Reinette Simirenko and Gala orchards, may indicate that the pathogen populations studied are resistant, and in these orchards, there may be a decrease in the effectiveness of protection against apple scab”
Claim · model-written summary
The discriminatory dose technique objectively and promptly assesses sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis populations
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- V. inaequalisVenturia inaequalise5pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitivity of V. inaequalis populationse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple scab pathogen”
e5“The discriminatory dose technique allowed us to objectively and promptly assess the sensitivity of V. inaequalis populations from orchards with varying intensity use of difenoconazole”
The same questions in other papers
difenoconazole · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →climate site · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.