Abstract
Callogenesis and embryogenesis are integral parts of many tissue culture procedures for genetic manipulation in rice. However, the efficiency of both processes is largely dependent on the media constituent especially the plant growth regulators (PGRs) due to the genotype-dependent nature of in vitro culture protocols. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of two PGRs; 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and kinetin (Kin) on callus growth and somatic embryogenesis of an important Malaysian rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. MARDI Siraj 297). Mature rice seeds explants were inoculated in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of 2, 4-D (0 to 3.5 mg/L) and Kin (0 to 0.5 mg/L) to induce callogenesis. Parameters for callus growth such as fresh weight (FW), callus induction frequency (CIF), embryogenic callus frequency (ECF), regeneration frequency (RF), number of plantlets per callus (PPC), callus texture and callus color were observed after 35 days of inoculation. The results show that the maximum callus growth was achieved in MS medium supplemented with combination of 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.2 mg/L Kin, represented by the highest FW (211 mg), CIF (95%), ECF (90%), RF (100%) and PPC (22 plantlets); along with friable callus texture. Low concentration of 2, 4-D (0 to 0.5 mg/L) in the presence or absence of Kin promotes root growth instead of callus, while high concentrations (above 3.0 mg/L) retard the callus formation. The embryogenic calli from this optimized PGRs combination were successfully formed shoots in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA, followed by rooting in PGRs-free MS medium. This finding provides an efficient protocol for callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of MARDI Siraj 297, since this is the first published report regarding somatic embryogenesis induction of this cultivar.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized 2,4-D and Kin produced maximum callus fresh weight of 211 mg.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.2 mg/L Kine0
- Outcome
- FWe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 211 mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum callus growth was achieved in MS medium supplemented with combination of 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.2 mg/L Kin, represented by the highest FW (211 mg), CIF (95%), ECF (90%), RF (100%) and PPC (22 plantlets)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized regulators gave callus induction frequency of 95%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetint0
- Outcome
- CIFe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest FW (211 mg), CIF (95%), ECF (90%), RF (100%) and PPC (22 plantlets)”
t0“Oryza sativa L. (cv. MARDI Siraj 297) under the influence of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized regulators gave embryogenic callus frequency of 90%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetint0
- Outcome
- ECFe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest FW (211 mg), CIF (95%), ECF (90%), RF (100%) and PPC (22 plantlets)”
t0“Oryza sativa L. (cv. MARDI Siraj 297) under the influence of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized regulators gave regeneration frequency of 100%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetint0
- Outcome
- RFe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest FW (211 mg), CIF (95%), ECF (90%), RF (100%) and PPC (22 plantlets)”
t0“Oryza sativa L. (cv. MARDI Siraj 297) under the influence of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized regulators gave 22 plantlets per callus.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetint0
- Outcome
- PPCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 22 plantletse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest FW (211 mg), CIF (95%), ECF (90%), RF (100%) and PPC (22 plantlets)”
t0“Oryza sativa L. (cv. MARDI Siraj 297) under the influence of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin”
Claim · model-written summary
Low 2,4-D promoted root growth instead of callus.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-D (0 to 0.5 mg/L)e0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Comparator
- calluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low concentration of 2, 4-D (0 to 0.5 mg/L) in the presence or absence of Kin promotes root growth instead of callus”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High 2,4-D concentrations retarded callus formation.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high concentrations (above 3.0 mg/L)e0
- Outcome
- callus formatione0
- Direction
- retarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high concentrations (above 3.0 mg/L) retard the callus formation.”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryogenic calli formed shoots with BAP/NAA, then rooted on regulator-free medium.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAAe0
- Outcome
- formed shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The embryogenic calli from this optimized PGRs combination were successfully formed shoots in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA, followed by rooting in PGRs-free MS medium.”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
The same questions in other papers
kinetin · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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- negative
- negative
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See all 59 papers →2,4-D · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
101 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 107 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.