Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the response of different 2,4-D concentrations on callus induction and plant regeneration in indica and japonica rice genotypes, specifically the elite line CMG1590 and the model cultivar Nipponbare. Despite the importance of rice biotechnology, genotypic recalcitrance remains a major bottleneck for genome editing. Mature seeds were inoculated onto N6 medium supplemented with 2,4-D concentrations (0 to 3.0 mg/L) targeting the scutellum as the primary explant. The results revealed a quadratic dose–response relationship: the absence of 2,4-D (T0) prevented callus formation, whereas the peak induction occurred at 2.5 mg/L (T4), with 93.3% for Nipponbare and 80.0% for CMG1590. Mechanistically, Nipponbare’s superior performance is attributed to efficient auxin signaling via the SCFTIR1/OsAFB2 complex, whereas supra-optimal concentrations (3.0 mg/L 2,4-D) were associated with reduced cellular performance, potentially reflecting oxidative stress responses and involvement of the OsMAPK6-ROS pathway. Regeneration on MS medium was most effective following induction at 2.0 mg/L (T3). ANOVA confirmed a highly significant Genotype × Regulator interaction (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this research validates a 2.0–2.5 mg/L 2,4-D threshold as a strategic platform to overcome recalcitrance, providing a robust protocol for future CRISPR/Cas9-mediated improvement of local rice germplasm.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Without 2,4-D, rice callus did not form.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- absence of 2,4-D (T0)e0
- Outcome
- callus formatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“absence of 2,4-D (T0) prevented callus formation”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nipponbare reached 93.3% peak callus induction at 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nipponbaree0
- Treatment
- 2.5 mg/L (T4)e0
- Outcome
- peak inductione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 93.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peak induction occurred at 2.5 mg/L (T4), with 93.3% for Nipponbare”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
CMG1590 reached 80.0% peak callus induction at 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- CMG1590e0
- Treatment
- 2.5 mg/L (T4)e0
- Outcome
- peak inductione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 80.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peak induction occurred at 2.5 mg/L (T4), with 93.3% for Nipponbare and 80.0% for CMG1590”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nipponbare performed better in callus induction, attributed by the authors to auxin signalling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nipponbaree0
- Gene
- SCFTIR1/OsAFB2e0
- Outcome
- superior performancee0
- Qualifier
- efficient auxin signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nipponbare’s superior performance is attributed to efficient auxin signaling via the SCFTIR1/OsAFB2 complex”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3.0 mg/L 2,4-D, cellular performance was reduced, potentially reflecting oxidative stress and the OsMAPK6-ROS pathway.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 3.0 mg/L 2,4-De0
- Gene
- OsMAPK6-ROSe0
- Outcome
- cellular performancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- potentially reflecting oxidative stress responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supra-optimal concentrations (3.0 mg/L 2,4-D) were associated with reduced cellular performance, potentially reflecting oxidative stress responses and involvement of the OsMAPK6-ROS pathway”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Regeneration was most effective after induction at 2.0 mg/L.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2.0 mg/L (T3)e0
- Outcome
- Regeneratione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Setting
- MS mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regeneration on MS medium was most effective following induction at 2.0 mg/L (T3)”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype and regulator interacted significantly.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Regulatore0
- Outcome
- Genotype × Regulator interactione0
- Qualifier
- p < 0.01e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ANOVA confirmed a highly significant Genotype × Regulator interaction (p < 0.01)”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a 2.0–2.5 mg/L 2,4-D threshold for overcoming rice recalcitrance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- 2.0–2.5 mg/L 2,4-D thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“validates a 2.0–2.5 mg/L 2,4-D threshold as a strategic platform to overcome recalcitrance”
t0“rice genotypes”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 102 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
103 papers more in this group
See all 107 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.