Abstract
Water and nitrogen availability are two major environmental factors that can impair plant growth, and when combined, their effects on plant performance can be either intensified or reduced. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of nitrogen availability on the responses of Amaranthus cruentus's metabolism to water stress. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots filled with vermiculite, kept under greenhouse conditions, and were watered three times a week with 70% of a full strength nitrogen-free Long Ashton solution, containing 1.97 or 9.88 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate. Photosynthetic parameters were evaluated in planta, and leaves were harvested for chemical analysis of photosynthetic pigments, proline, and phenolic contents. Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate, and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols. Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites but increased the proline under high nitrogen and negatively affected stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, relative water content, instantaneous water use efficiency, and leaf nitrate. The negative effect was more pronounced under high nitrogen supply. The results show that the addition of a high amount of nitrogen made the physiological processes of plants more sensitive to water stress, indicating that the plant response to water restriction depends on the interaction between the different environmental stressors to which the plants are subjected.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen supply increased shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus
Amaranthus cruentust0 - Treatment
- Higher nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e0“Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate, and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen supply increased stomatal conductance, transpiration and total leaf nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Higher nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e0“Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate, and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen supply increased proline, nitrate and ammonium.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Higher nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- proline, nitrate, and ammoniume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e0“Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate, and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen supply reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Higher nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- concentration of flavonoids and total phenolse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e0“Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate, and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Six days of water stress did not affect shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments or leaf nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Six days of water stresse1
- Outcome
- dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogene1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e1“Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Six days of water stress did not affect ammonium or specialized metabolites.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Six days of water stresse1
- Outcome
- ammonium, or specialized metabolitese1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e1“Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased proline under high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Six days of water stresse1
- Outcome
- the prolinee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- under high nitrogene2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e1“Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites”
e2“but increased the proline under high nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress negatively affected stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Six days of water stresse1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesise3
- Direction
- negatively affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e1“Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites”
e3“negatively affected stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, relative water content, instantaneous water use efficiency, and leaf nitrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress negatively affected relative water content, instantaneous water use efficiency and leaf nitrate.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- Six days of water stresse1
- Outcome
- relative water content, instantaneous water use efficiency, and leaf nitratee3
- Direction
- negatively affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e1“Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites”
e3“negatively affected stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, relative water content, instantaneous water use efficiency, and leaf nitrate”
Claim · model-written summary
The negative effect of water stress was more pronounced under high nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- high nitrogen supplye4
- Outcome
- negative effecte4
- Direction
- more pronouncede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e4“The negative effect was more pronounced under high nitrogen supply”
Claim · model-written summary
A high amount of nitrogen made the physiological processes of plants more sensitive to water stress.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentusAmaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- a high amount of nitrogene5
- Outcome
- physiological processes of plantse5
- Direction
- more sensitivee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
e5“the addition of a high amount of nitrogen made the physiological processes of plants more sensitive to water stress”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: water · Amaranthus cruentus (purple amaranth)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.