Abstract
The photoprotective function of leaf betacyanin in water-stressed Amaranthus cruentus plants was examined by comparing leaves of two strains which differ significantly in the amount of betacyanin. At 0, 1, and 2 days after the imposed water stress, leaves were subjected to high-light (HL) treatment to assess their photosynthetic capacity and photoinhibition susceptibility. The water stress equally reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), gas-exchange rate and chlorophyll (Chl) contents in both leaves, indicating that the severity of water stress was comparable between the strains. Consequently, the extent of photoinhibition after the HL treatment increased in both strains as water stress developed; however, it was significantly greater in acyanic leaves than in betacyanic leaves, suggesting lower photoinhibition susceptibility in the betacyanic strain. The betacyanic leaves also exhibited approximately 30% higher values for photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) during the period of water stress despite the nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN) did not differ significantly between the strains. These results may be partially explained by the increased amount of leaf betacyanin under water stress. Moreover, a decrease in Chl content in betacyanic leaves might have enhanced light screening effect of betacyanin by increasing relative abundance of betacyanin to Chl molecule. In addition, reduced Chl content increased light penetrability of leaves. As a result, the extent of photoinhibition at the deeper tissue was exacerbated and the Chl fluorescence emitted from these tissues was more readily detected, facilitating assessment of photoinhibition at deeper tissues where the effect of betacyanic light screening is considered to be most apparent. Our results demonstrated that leaf betacyanin contributes to total photoprotective capacity of A. cruentus leaves by lowering excitation pressure on photosystem II (PSII) via attenuation of potentially harmful excess incident light under water stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced relative water content, gas exchange and chlorophyll content similarly in both strains.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.
Amaranthus cruentust0 - Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (RWC), gas-exchange rate and chlorophyll (Chl) contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- both leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water stress equally reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), gas-exchange rate and chlorophyll (Chl) contents in both leaves”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoinhibition following high light increased in both strains as water stress developed.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Treatment
- HL treatmente0
- Outcome
- extent of photoinhibitione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extent of photoinhibition after the HL treatment increased in both strains as water stress developed”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
After high light, photoinhibition was significantly greater in acyanic than betacyanic leaves.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Material
- acyanic leavese0
- Outcome
- extent of photoinhibitione1
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- betacyanic leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was significantly greater in acyanic leaves than in betacyanic leaves”
e1“the extent of photoinhibition after the HL treatment increased in both strains”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Betacyanic leaves had approximately 30% higher photochemical quenching coefficient during water stress.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Material
- betacyanic leavese0
- Outcome
- photochemical quenching coefficient (qP)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- during the period of water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The betacyanic leaves also exhibited approximately 30% higher values for photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) during the period of water stress”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonphotochemical quenching coefficient did not differ significantly between strains.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Outcome
- nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN)e0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- between the strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN) did not differ significantly between the strains”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf betacyanin increased under water stress.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Outcome
- amount of leaf betacyanine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased amount of leaf betacyanin under water stress”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
A decrease in chlorophyll content in betacyanic leaves might enhance the screening effect of betacyanin.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Outcome
- light screening effect of betacyanine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- increasing relative abundance of betacyanin to Chl moleculee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in Chl content in betacyanic leaves might have enhanced light screening effect of betacyanin by increasing relative abundance of betacyanin to Chl molecule”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chlorophyll content increased light penetration through leaves.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Outcome
- light penetrability of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- reduced Chl contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced Chl content increased light penetrability of leaves”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deeper tissue photoinhibition was exacerbated with reduced chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Outcome
- extent of photoinhibition at the deeper tissuee0
- Direction
- exacerbatede0
- Qualifier
- reduced Chl contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extent of photoinhibition at the deeper tissue was exacerbated”
e1“reduced Chl content increased light penetrability of leaves”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll fluorescence from deeper tissue became easier to detect.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
- Outcome
- Chl fluorescence emitted from these tissuese0
- Direction
- more readily detectede0
- Qualifier
- reduced Chl contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Chl fluorescence emitted from these tissues was more readily detected”
e1“reduced Chl content increased light penetrability of leaves”
t0“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf betacyanin contributes to photoprotection by lowering excitation pressure on photosystem II through light attenuation under water stress.
- Taxon
- A. cruentusAmaranthus cruentuse0
- Outcome
- total photoprotective capacitye0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Qualifier
- attenuation of potentially harmful excess incident light under water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf betacyanin contributes to total photoprotective capacity of A. cruentus leaves by lowering excitation pressure on photosystem II (PSII) via attenuation of potentially harmful excess incident light under water stress”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: water · Amaranthus cruentus (purple amaranth)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.