Abstract
Abstract Shoot development of seedling hickories is slow, limiting their success as viable crops using standard growing techniques. Because hickories are predominantly propagated by seed, we questioned whether gibberellic acid (GA) could be used on seedlings to overcome slow shoot development during juvenility. Treatments of one-year-old seedlings of bitternut hickory [ Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], pignut hickory [ C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet], pecan [ C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], kingnut hickory [ C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loud.], shagbark hickory [ C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch], and mockernut hickory [ C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.] began at bud break by applying a solution of 500 ppm GA 4+7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days. After 160 days, neither treatment affected caliper of any taxon, although species differences were observed. Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively. In a second experiment, the same treatments were implemented on seedlings of bitternut hickory shortly after germination. Only shoot height and dry weight were affected (increased) by application of GA 4+7 . This study indicates plant growth regulators could be effective at increasing shoot extension of some hickories. Chemicals used in this study: Gibberellic acid 4+7 (GA 4+7 ). Species used in this study: bitternut hickory [ Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; pignut hickory [ C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet]; pecan [ C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; kingnut hickory [ C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loudon]; shagbark hickory [ C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch]; and mockernut hickory [ C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.].
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Bud treatment with GA 4+7 increased shoot height of bitternut hickory by 234% compared with nontreated control plants.
- Taxon
- bitternut hickory
Carya cordiformise0 - Treatment
- 500 ppm GA 4+7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical budse1
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 234%e0
- Comparator
- nontreated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively”
e1“applying a solution of 500 ppm GA 4+7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Bud treatment with GA 4+7 increased shoot height of pecan by 144% compared with nontreated control plants.
- Taxon
- pecan
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=60)
Carya illinoinensise0 - Treatment
- 500 ppm GA 4+7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical budse1
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 144%e0
- Comparator
- nontreated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively”
e1“applying a solution of 500 ppm GA 4+7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither GA 4+7 treatment affected caliper of seedling hickories, although species differences were observed.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively”
e1“applying a solution of 500 ppm GA 4+7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days”
e2“After 160 days, neither treatment affected caliper of any taxon, although species differences were observed”
e6“Shoot development of seedling hickories is slow”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 applied to seedlings of bitternut hickory shortly after germination increased shoot height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- bitternut hickoryCarya cordiformise4
- Treatment
- GA 4+7e3
- Outcome
- shoot height and dry weighte3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Only shoot height and dry weight were affected (increased) by application of GA 4+7”
e4“In a second experiment, the same treatments were implemented on seedlings of bitternut hickory shortly after germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulators could be effective at increasing shoot extension of some hickories.
Verbatim
e5“This study indicates plant growth regulators could be effective at increasing shoot extension of some hickories”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Carya illinoinensis (pecan)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.