Abstract
Drought response in wheat is considered a highly complex process since it is a multigenic trait, nevertheless, breeding programs are continuously searching for new wheat varieties with drought-tolerant characteristics. In a previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of creating a mutant known as RYNO3936 that could survive 14 days without water, however in this study we revealed another mutant known as BIG8-1 that could endure severe water deficit stress (21 days without water) with superior drought response characteristics. Phenotypically the mutant plants had broader leaves including a densely packed fibrous root architecture that were not visible in the WT parent plants. During mild (day 7) drought stress, the mutant could maintain its relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance, with no phenotypic symptoms such as wilting or senescence despite a decrease in soil moisture content. It was only during moderate (day 14) and server (day 21) water deficit stress that a decline in those measurables were evident. Furthermore, the mutant plants also display a unique preservation of metabolic activity, which was confirm when assessing accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymes (Peroxidases and Glutathione S-transferase). Proteome reshuffling was also observed, allowing slow degradation of essential proteins such as RuBisCO, during water deficit stress. The LC-MS/MS data revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in energy and photosynthesis under well-watered conditions, particularly Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1, and Calnexin-like protein. However, after 21 days of water stress, the mutants expressed ABC transporter permeases and Xylanase inhibitor protein, which is involved in the transport of amino acids and protecting cells, respectively. Collectively this study demonstrates the characterization of a new mutant BIG8-1, with drought-tolerant characteristics suited for breeding programs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
BIG8-1 endured 21 days without water.
- Material
- BIG8-1e0
- Outcome
- drought response characteristicse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 21 days without watere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“BIG8-1 that could endure severe water deficit stress (21 days without water) with superior drought response characteristics.”
Claim · model-written summary
BIG8-1 had broader leaves and densely packed fibrous roots absent in its wild-type parent.
- Material
- mutant plantse0
- Outcome
- broader leaves including a densely packed fibrous root architecturee0
- Direction
- broadere0
- Comparator
- WT parent plantse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Phenotypically the mutant plants had broader leaves including a densely packed fibrous root architecture that were not visible in the WT parent plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 7 of drought, the mutant maintained water content, chlorophyll, and gas-exchange traits.
- Material
- mutante0
- Treatment
- mild (day 7) drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- maintaine0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“During mild (day 7) drought stress, the mutant could maintain its relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance, with no phenotypic symptoms such as wilting or senescence despite a decrease in soil moisture content.”
Claim · model-written summary
These physiological measures declined at days 14 and 21 of deficit.
- Treatment
- moderate (day 14) and server (day 21) water deficit stresse0
- Outcome
- those measurablese0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“It was only during moderate (day 14) and server (day 21) water deficit stress that a decline in those measurables were evident.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant plants accumulated free amino acids and increased antioxidative enzymes.
- Material
- mutant plantse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the mutant plants also display a unique preservation of metabolic activity, which was confirm when assessing accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymes (Peroxidases and Glutathione S-transferase).”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteome reshuffling accompanied slow degradation of RuBisCO under water deficit.
- Treatment
- water deficit stresse0
- Gene
- RuBisCOe0
- Outcome
- Proteome reshufflinge0
- Direction
- slow degradatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Proteome reshuffling was also observed, allowing slow degradation of essential proteins such as RuBisCO, during water deficit stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy and photosynthesis proteins were abundant under well-watered conditions.
- Treatment
- well-watered conditionse0
- Gene
- Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1, and Calnexin-like proteine0
- Outcome
- high abundance of proteinse0
- Direction
- high abundancee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The LC-MS/MS data revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in energy and photosynthesis under well-watered conditions, particularly Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1, and Calnexin-like protein.”
Claim · model-written summary
After 21 days of water stress, mutants expressed transport and inhibitor proteins.
- Treatment
- 21 days of water stresse0
- Gene
- ABC transporter permeases and Xylanase inhibitor proteine0
- Outcome
- expressed ABC transporter permeases and Xylanase inhibitor proteine0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“However, after 21 days of water stress, the mutants expressed ABC transporter permeases and Xylanase inhibitor protein, which is involved in the transport of amino acids and protecting cells, respectively.”