Abstract
We report the impact of drought stress on pearl millet during the early seedling stage and its survival mechanism. Drought stress imposed for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days showed considerable changes in morphophysiological attributes, which were evident by a decline in seedling elongation, fresh and dry biomass, and relative water content (RWC) and degradation of chlorophyll pigment. Besides this, visible chlorosis lesions were observed in leaves as compared to the control. As compared to the respective controls, a nearly 60% decline in chlorophyll content was recorded after 14 and 21 days of drought stress. In both root and shoot, drought stress raised the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Both H2O2 and O2●− levels were significantly elevated along with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in both roots and shoots, which clearly indicated ROS-induced oxidative stress. Concomitant with the increase in ROS levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots, membrane integrity was also lost, which clearly indicated ROS-induced peroxidation of membrane lipids. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants were significant (p ≤ 0.001). After 7, 14 and 21 days of drought stress, activities of all the antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) were inhibited, clearly indicating a loss of antioxidant defense machinery. Likewise, the levels of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels declined significantly (p ≤ 0.01). Our results reveal that, being tolerant to arid climatic conditions, pearl millet is highly susceptible to drought stress at the early seedling stage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced pearl millet seedling elongation and fresh and dry biomass.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanust0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- seedling elongation, fresh and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- 7, 14 and 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress imposed for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days showed considerable changes in morphophysiological attributes, which were evident by a decline in seedling elongation, fresh and dry biomass, and relative water content (RWC)”
t0“pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced pearl millet relative water content.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- 7, 14 and 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress imposed for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days showed considerable changes in morphophysiological attributes, which were evident by a decline in seedling elongation, fresh and dry biomass, and relative water content (RWC)”
t0“pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought degraded pearl millet chlorophyll pigment.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Droughtt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigmente0
- Direction
- degradatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“degradation of chlorophyll pigment”
t0“Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pearl Millet (Cenchrus americanus L.) at Seedling Stage: Survival Mechanisms through Alteration of Morphophysiological and Antioxidants Activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought caused visible chlorosis lesions in pearl millet leaves versus control.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Droughtt0
- Outcome
- visible chlorosis lesionse0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“visible chlorosis lesions were observed in leaves as compared to the control”
t0“Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pearl Millet (Cenchrus americanus L.) at Seedling Stage: Survival Mechanisms through Alteration of Morphophysiological and Antioxidants Activity”
Claim · model-written summary
After 14 and 21 days of drought, pearl millet chlorophyll content fell nearly 60% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- nearly 60%e0
- Qualifier
- after 14 and 21 dayse0
- Comparator
- respective controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to the respective controls, a nearly 60% decline in chlorophyll content was recorded after 14 and 21 days of drought stress.”
t0“pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased H2O2 and O2●− in pearl millet roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoote0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- H2O2 and O2●− levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both root and shoot, drought stress raised the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Both H2O2 and O2●− levels were significantly elevated”
t0“pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased lipid peroxidation in pearl millet roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- Droughtt0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in both roots and shoots”
t0“Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pearl Millet (Cenchrus americanus L.) at Seedling Stage: Survival Mechanisms through Alteration of Morphophysiological and Antioxidants Activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced membrane integrity in pearl millet roots alongside increased ROS and MDA.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Droughtt0
- Outcome
- membrane integritye0
- Direction
- loste0
- Qualifier
- increase in ROS levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concomitant with the increase in ROS levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots, membrane integrity was also lost”
t0“Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pearl Millet (Cenchrus americanus L.) at Seedling Stage: Survival Mechanisms through Alteration of Morphophysiological and Antioxidants Activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought inhibited CAT, GPX and SOD activities in pearl millet seedlings.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- activities of all the antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 7, 14 and 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 7, 14 and 21 days of drought stress, activities of all the antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) were inhibited”
t0“pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought inhibited GR activity in pearl millet seedlings.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Outcome
- activities of all the antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 7, 14 and 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 7, 14 and 21 days of drought stress, activities of all the antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) were inhibited”
t0“pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione levels in pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Droughtt0
- Outcome
- levels of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)e0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the levels of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels declined significantly (p ≤ 0.01)”
t0“Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pearl Millet (Cenchrus americanus L.) at Seedling Stage: Survival Mechanisms through Alteration of Morphophysiological and Antioxidants Activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude pearl millet seedlings are highly susceptible to drought stress.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Organ / stage
- early seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- highly susceptible to drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pearl millet is highly susceptible to drought stress at the early seedling stage”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.