Abstract
Abstract Four annual applications of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 were made to ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Delicious’ apple trees beginning in the second leaf at rates of 0.5 to 8 times the recommended rate (45 g/tree per year of age) in each of three soil management systems: cultivated, herbicide, and mowed sod. Soil samples were collected in Mar. and July 1983 (fifth leaf) to a 120-cm depth at the tree drip line. July samples were analyzed for available Ca, Mg, K, Mn, percentage of base saturation, NO 3 -N, and soil pH (0.01 m CaCl 2 ); March samples only for NO 3 -N. The sod system had the highest soil pH, Ca level, and percentage of base saturation; the herbicide had the lowest, and the cultivated treatment was intermediate. The rate of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 had no measurable effect on these values except in the surface pH levels (030 cm), where sod was unaffected but the cultivated and herbicide systems had a significant reduction in pH with increasing levels of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . Soil Mn availability and leaf Mn increased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2 levels in association with the decreasing pH levels. Available soil Mg and leaf Mg decreased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2 due to Ca displacement of soil Mg on the cation exchange complex. Leaf Ca was unaffected by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 rate or the soil management system. During the growing season (Mar.-July 1983), the herbicide system accumulated significantly more of the applied Ca(NO 3 ) 2 than the cultivated or sod systems. No yield response and minimal leaf NO 3 response suggested differences in NO 3 accumulation were due to variation in leaching due to the soil management systems.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The sod system had the highest soil pH, Ca level, and percentage of base saturation; the herbicide had the lowest, and the cultivated treatment was intermediate.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- The sod system had the highest soil pH, Ca level, and percentage of base saturation; the herbicide had the lowest, and the cultivated treatment was intermediate.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Orchard”
e0“The sod system had the highest soil pH, Ca level, and percentage of base saturation; the herbicide had the lowest, and the cultivated treatment was intermediate.”
Claim · model-written summary
the cultivated and herbicide systems had a significant reduction in pH with increasing levels of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- the cultivated and herbicide systems had a significant reduction in pH with increasing levels of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Orchard”
e0“the cultivated and herbicide systems had a significant reduction in pH with increasing levels of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Mn availability and leaf Mn increased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2 levels
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Soil Mn availability and leaf Mn increased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2 levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Orchard”
e0“Soil Mn availability and leaf Mn increased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2 levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil Mg and leaf Mg decreased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Available soil Mg and leaf Mg decreased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Orchard”
e0“Available soil Mg and leaf Mg decreased with increasing Ca(NO 3 ) 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Ca was unaffected by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 rate or the soil management system.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Leaf Ca was unaffected by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 rate or the soil management system.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Orchard”
e0“Leaf Ca was unaffected by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 rate or the soil management system.”
Claim · model-written summary
the herbicide system accumulated significantly more of the applied Ca(NO 3 ) 2 than the cultivated or sod systems.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- the herbicide system accumulated significantly more of the applied Ca(NO 3 ) 2 than the cultivated or sod systems.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Orchard”
e0“the herbicide system accumulated significantly more of the applied Ca(NO 3 ) 2 than the cultivated or sod systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
No yield response and minimal leaf NO 3 response
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- No yield response and minimal leaf NO 3 responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Orchard”
e0“No yield response and minimal leaf NO 3 response”