Abstract
Abstract Water is the fundamental part of living systems and it plays a key role in supporting life on earth; however, fluctuations in climatic conditions lead to limitation of the ground water causing serious concerns. The present research study was aimed at assessing growth and physio-biochemical responses of barley to calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution (10 mM) applied through roots under induced drought stress for 5, 10, and 15 days. CaCl2, being an enhancer of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes, counteracts the damaging effects caused by abiotic stresses. A pot experiment was conducted by sowing barley under induced drought stress for 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Plants exposed to different levels of the induced drought stress condition were treated with 10 mM of CaCl2 solution via roots during the seedling stage. Results indicated that water-limited conditions negatively affected plant growth parameters including final emergence percentage, final germination percentage, and mean emergence time. Moreover, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate were significantly improved under 5, 10, and 15 days of drought stress supplemented with CaCl2 solution. Under drought conditions, an increase was observed in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glycine betaine (GB), and proline (PRO) content, and in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxide (LPO) activities. H2O2 and LPO showed a significant decline with CaCl2 application under induced drought stress regimes. On the contrary, GB, PRO, APX, CAT, POD, and SOD contents of root and leaf were significantly improved with CaCl2 application under induced drought stress. In conclusion, CaCl2 solution effectively curbed the damages caused by oxidative stress via accumulating osmolytes and scavenging reactive oxygen species by activating the antioxidant enzymatic defence system of barley.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation harmed emergence, germination and mean emergence time.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- water-limited conditionse0
- Outcome
- final emergence percentage, final germination percentage, and mean emergence timee0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“water-limited conditions negatively affected plant growth parameters including final emergence percentage, final germination percentage, and mean emergence time.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride significantly improved growth and assimilation rates under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 solutione0
- Outcome
- absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, and net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- 5, 10, and 15 days of drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate were significantly improved under 5, 10, and 15 days of drought stress supplemented with CaCl2 solution.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine and proline content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glycine betaine (GB), and proline (PRO) contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought conditions, an increase was observed in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glycine betaine (GB), and proline (PRO) content”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased APX, CAT, POD, SOD and LPO activities.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxide (LPO) activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought conditions, an increase was observed in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glycine betaine (GB), and proline (PRO) content, and in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxide (LPO) activities.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride significantly lowered H2O2 and LPO under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 applicatione0
- Outcome
- H2O2 and LPOe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 and LPO showed a significant decline with CaCl2 application under induced drought stress regimes.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride significantly improved root and leaf GB and PRO content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- root and leafe0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 applicatione0
- Outcome
- GB, PROe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GB, PRO, APX, CAT, POD, and SOD contents of root and leaf were significantly improved with CaCl2 application under induced drought stress.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride significantly improved root and leaf APX, CAT, POD and SOD contents.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- root and leafe0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 applicatione0
- Outcome
- APX, CAT, POD, and SOD contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GB, PRO, APX, CAT, POD, and SOD contents of root and leaf were significantly improved with CaCl2 application under induced drought stress.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute reduced oxidative damage to osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant defense activation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 solutione0
- Outcome
- damages caused by oxidative stresse0
- Qualifier
- accumulating osmolytes and scavenging reactive oxygen species by activating the antioxidant enzymatic defence systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl2 solution effectively curbed the damages caused by oxidative stress via accumulating osmolytes and scavenging reactive oxygen species by activating the antioxidant enzymatic defence system of barley.”
The same questions in other papers
calcium chloride dihydrate · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.