Abstract
The adaptation of plants to strontium (Sr) stress requires a more systematic understanding. In the present study, the morphological and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Vicia faba seedlings under Sr stress (88Sr, 0–1,000 mg·L−1) were analyzed in solution culture. The results showed that Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly, but fortunately, there was almost no root necrosis. In plant morphology, the taproot length, lateral root number, plant height, branching number and internodes number of V. faba were significantly inhibited, thus the apical dominance of taproot and terminal bud was more obvious. The accumulation of Sr resulted in the decrease of leaf area, dry weight, stomatal density and stomatal aperture, while the guard cell length increased, and the specific leaf weight (SLW) increased first and then decreased. These changes in stomatal morphology may be a positive regulation to reduce water loss. In addition, V. faba increased the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) to protect the photosynthetic structure. Low concentration of Sr (250 mg·L−1) promoted the photochemical efficiency and electron transfer of PSII (e.g., increased Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP and ETR). However, Sr (250–1,000 mg·L−1) inhibited the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in leaves. In general, the Pn was affected by both stomatal and non-stomatal factors. Since Sr did not cause significant damage to the PSII function, the non-stomatal factor may be the dark reaction in photosynthesis affected, but this needs to be proved by further studies.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Strontium treatment significantly decreased biomass and root activity of Vicia faba seedlings.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- Sr treatmente1
- Outcome
- biomass and root activitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e1“Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Strontium treatment caused almost no root necrosis in Vicia faba seedlings.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Sr treatmente1
- Outcome
- root necrosise2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e1“Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly”
e2“there was almost no root necrosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Strontium significantly inhibited taproot length, lateral root number and plant height of V. faba.
- Taxon
- V. fabaVicia fabae3
- Treatment
- Sr treatmente1
- Outcome
- taproot length, lateral root number, plant heighte3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e1“Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly”
e3“the taproot length, lateral root number, plant height, branching number and internodes number of V. faba were significantly inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Strontium significantly inhibited branching number and internodes number of V. faba.
- Taxon
- V. fabaVicia fabae3
- Treatment
- Sr treatmente1
- Outcome
- branching number and internodes numbere3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e1“Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly”
e3“the taproot length, lateral root number, plant height, branching number and internodes number of V. faba were significantly inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Strontium made the apical dominance of the taproot and terminal bud of Vicia faba more obvious.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Sr treatmente1
- Outcome
- apical dominance of taproot and terminal bude4
- Direction
- more obviouse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e1“Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly”
e4“the apical dominance of taproot and terminal bud was more obvious”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulated Sr decreased leaf area, dry weight and stomatal density of Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- accumulation of Sre5
- Outcome
- leaf area, dry weight, stomatal densitye5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“The accumulation of Sr resulted in the decrease of leaf area, dry weight, stomatal density and stomatal aperture”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulated Sr decreased stomatal aperture of Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- accumulation of Sre5
- Outcome
- stomatal aperturee5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“The accumulation of Sr resulted in the decrease of leaf area, dry weight, stomatal density and stomatal aperture”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulated Sr increased guard cell length of Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- accumulation of Sre5
- Outcome
- guard cell lengthe6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“The accumulation of Sr resulted in the decrease of leaf area, dry weight, stomatal density and stomatal aperture”
e6“the guard cell length increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulated Sr raised specific leaf weight first and then lowered it in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- accumulation of Sre5
- Outcome
- specific leaf weight (SLW)e7
- Direction
- increased first and then decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“The accumulation of Sr resulted in the decrease of leaf area, dry weight, stomatal density and stomatal aperture”
e7“the specific leaf weight (SLW) increased first and then decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in stomatal morphology may be a positive regulation that reduces water loss in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- reduce water losse5
- Qualifier
- changes in stomatal morphologye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“These changes in stomatal morphology may be a positive regulation to reduce water loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Vicia faba increased non-photochemical quenching and peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities under Sr stress, protecting the photosynthetic structure.
- Taxon
- V. fabaVicia fabae5
- Treatment
- Sr treatmente1
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- to protect the photosynthetic structuree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e1“Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly”
e5“V. faba increased the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) to protect the photosynthetic structure”
Claim · model-written summary
Low Sr concentration (250 mg·L−1) promoted photochemical efficiency and electron transfer of PSII in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Low concentration of Sr (250 mg·L−1)e5
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency and electron transfer of PSIIe5
- Direction
- promotede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“Low concentration of Sr (250 mg·L−1) promoted the photochemical efficiency and electron transfer of PSII”
Claim · model-written summary
Sr at 250–1,000 mg·L−1 inhibited net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in Vicia faba leaves.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Sr (250–1,000 mg·L−1)e5
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs)e5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
- Qualifier
- in leavese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“Sr (250–1,000 mg·L−1) inhibited the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate in Vicia faba is affected by both stomatal and non-stomatal factors.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- Pne5
- Qualifier
- both stomatal and non-stomatal factorse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“the Pn was affected by both stomatal and non-stomatal factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Sr did not cause significant damage to the PSII function of Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Sre5
- Outcome
- damage to the PSII functione5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba seedlings”
e5“Since Sr did not cause significant damage to the PSII function”