Paper · 2022 · Polymers

Chitosan-Enriched Salicylic Acid Nanoparticles Enhanced Anthocyanin Content in Grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Red Sultana) Berries

Naser Khalili; Mehdi Oraei; Gholamreza Gohari; et al.

6
claims
12
verbatim quotes
31
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Given the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on enhancing the phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and especially anthocyanins at higher doses in grapes as well as some toxic effects of SA at higher doses, the use of nano-carriers and nano-forms could assist SA in enhancing the accumulation of these compounds while reducing its toxic activity. Chitosan (CTS) has gained attention as a safe transporter and control releaser for a variety of chemicals, particularly in the agriculture industry. In this regard, the nano-form combination of SA and CTS (CTS-SA NPs) could boost the effectiveness of SA, particularly at lower dosages. Therefore, in the present study, SA (10, 20 mM), CTS (0.1%), and CTS-SA NPs (10, 20 mM) were applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage to evaluate their actions on phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins. The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM), anthocyanins (in particular oenin, the main anthocyanin of red grapes) (10 and 20 mM), and PAL enzyme activity (20 mM). In conclusion, the CTS-SA NPs could be applied as a potential effective elicitor for phenolics, particularly anthocyanin enhancement of grape berries at pre- véraison stage with synergistic effects between SA and CTS in nano-forms predominantly at lower doses.

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CTS-SA NPs treatments gave the highest total phenolic compounds in grape berries.

Taxon
grapee2
Material
Red Sultanae2
Organ / stage
berriese2
Treatment
CTS-SA NPse1
Outcome
total phenolic compoundse1
Direction
higheste1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 879–974 · show in text ↑
e2

“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–802 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CTS-SA NPs at 10 mM gave the highest flavonoids in grape berries.

Taxon
grapee2
Treatment
CTS-SA NPse1
Outcome
flavonoidse1
Direction
higheste1
Qualifier
10 mMe1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 879–994 · show in text ↑
e2

“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–802 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CTS-SA NPs at 10 and 20 mM gave the highest anthocyanins, in particular oenin, in grape berries.

Taxon
grapee2
Treatment
CTS-SA NPse1
Compound
oenine1
Outcome
anthocyaninse1
Direction
higheste1
Qualifier
10 and 20 mMe1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM), anthocyanins (in particular oenin, the main anthocyanin of red grapes) (10 and 20 mM)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 879–1081 · show in text ↑
e2

“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–802 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CTS-SA NPs at 20 mM gave the highest PAL enzyme activity in grape berries.

Taxon
grapee2
Treatment
CTS-SA NPse1
Gene
PALe1
Outcome
PAL enzyme activitye1
Direction
higheste1
Qualifier
20 mMe1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM), anthocyanins (in particular oenin, the main anthocyanin of red grapes) (10 and 20 mM), and PAL enzyme activity (20 mM)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 879–1114 · show in text ↑
e2

“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–802 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

CTS-SA NPs could be applied as an effective elicitor to enhance anthocyanins in grape berries at the pre-véraison stage.

Taxon
grapee2
Treatment
CTS-SA NPse1
Outcome
anthocyanin enhancemente1

Verbatim

e1

“the CTS-SA NPs could be applied as a potential effective elicitor for phenolics, particularly anthocyanin enhancement of grape berries at pre- véraison stage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1131–1288 · show in text ↑
e2

“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–802 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Synergistic effects between SA and CTS in nano-forms were predominantly at lower doses.

Taxon
grapee2
Compound
SA and CTSe3
Outcome
synergistic effectse3
Qualifier
predominantly at lower dosese3

Verbatim

e3

“synergistic effects between SA and CTS in nano-forms predominantly at lower doses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1294–1375 · show in text ↑
e2

“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–802 · show in text ↑

nanoparticle · quality: phytochemicals · VitisResults agree

8 papers: 8 positive, 0 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper

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  2. positive
  3. positive

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.