Abstract
Given the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on enhancing the phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and especially anthocyanins at higher doses in grapes as well as some toxic effects of SA at higher doses, the use of nano-carriers and nano-forms could assist SA in enhancing the accumulation of these compounds while reducing its toxic activity. Chitosan (CTS) has gained attention as a safe transporter and control releaser for a variety of chemicals, particularly in the agriculture industry. In this regard, the nano-form combination of SA and CTS (CTS-SA NPs) could boost the effectiveness of SA, particularly at lower dosages. Therefore, in the present study, SA (10, 20 mM), CTS (0.1%), and CTS-SA NPs (10, 20 mM) were applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage to evaluate their actions on phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins. The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM), anthocyanins (in particular oenin, the main anthocyanin of red grapes) (10 and 20 mM), and PAL enzyme activity (20 mM). In conclusion, the CTS-SA NPs could be applied as a potential effective elicitor for phenolics, particularly anthocyanin enhancement of grape berries at pre- véraison stage with synergistic effects between SA and CTS in nano-forms predominantly at lower doses.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-SA NPs treatments gave the highest total phenolic compounds in grape berries.
- Taxon
- grapee2
- Material
- Red Sultanae2
- Organ / stage
- berriese2
- Treatment
- CTS-SA NPse1
- Outcome
- total phenolic compoundse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds”
e2“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-SA NPs at 10 mM gave the highest flavonoids in grape berries.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM)”
e2“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-SA NPs at 10 and 20 mM gave the highest anthocyanins, in particular oenin, in grape berries.
- Taxon
- grapee2
- Treatment
- CTS-SA NPse1
- Compound
- oenine1
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- 10 and 20 mMe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM), anthocyanins (in particular oenin, the main anthocyanin of red grapes) (10 and 20 mM)”
e2“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-SA NPs at 20 mM gave the highest PAL enzyme activity in grape berries.
- Taxon
- grapee2
- Treatment
- CTS-SA NPse1
- Gene
- PALe1
- Outcome
- PAL enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- 20 mMe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The CTS-SA NPs treatments provided the highest results in terms of the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids (10 mM), anthocyanins (in particular oenin, the main anthocyanin of red grapes) (10 and 20 mM), and PAL enzyme activity (20 mM)”
e2“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-SA NPs could be applied as an effective elicitor to enhance anthocyanins in grape berries at the pre-véraison stage.
Verbatim
e1“the CTS-SA NPs could be applied as a potential effective elicitor for phenolics, particularly anthocyanin enhancement of grape berries at pre- véraison stage”
e2“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Synergistic effects between SA and CTS in nano-forms were predominantly at lower doses.
Verbatim
e3“synergistic effects between SA and CTS in nano-forms predominantly at lower doses”
e2“applied on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries cv. Red Sultana at the pre-véraison stage”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · quality: phytochemicals · VitisResults agree
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