Abstract
Topicality. In addition to mineral and organic fertilizers, microfertilizers and plant growth regulators should be used more widely to eliminate negative factors (excessive man-made load, deterioration of water, nutrient regimes and soil humus condition) and to improve the sunflower nutrition system. Issues. Growth regulators intensify the development of the leaf surface, activate the basic life functions of sunflower plants: membrane processes, cell division, respiration and nutrition, enzyme systems activity, photosynthesis, and create a branched root system with enhanced absorption capacity. Purpose. To study the influence of growth regulators with different action on the morphogenesis, sunflower growth and development and productivity of different maturity groups in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The field trials were established and carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of research.. The experimental part of the work was performed during 2018–2020 in the research field of the National Research Center at the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in the stationary experiment of the Crop Production Department in five-field crop rotation: clean fallow – winter wheat – maize – barley – sunflower. Spraying sunflower plants with growth regulators Vympel K-2 (0.7 l/ha), Architect (0.5 l/ha) and Ce-ron (0.5 l/ha) was carried out in the 6–8th pair of leaves stage. Results. When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced, but such indicators as leaf surface area, chlorophyll content in the leaves, head diameter and number of seeds per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield and quality increased. y. Conclusions. The maximum leaf surface area of sunflower (up to 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/ha, or 5.5 –10.2 % more than the control) was observed when growth regulator Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/ha. In this case, sunflower plants formed the largest heads with diameter of 23–26 cm (11.5–30.4 % more than the control), and the maximum number of seeds per head was 863–925.3 pieces that exceeded the control by 3, 4–5.6 %. The highest thousand seed weight (54.0–60.0 g) was for the mid-early hybrid Sumico HTS, and the lowest (51–55 g) – for the mid-late Subaro HTS that is explained by the biological characteristics of the hybrids. The crop yield increased by 1.05–1.17 times due to the application on sunflower of plant growth regulators. The largest increase in grain yield for all hybrids (0.22–0.27 t/ha, or 13.5–14.8 %) was provided with Ceron (0.5 l/ha). The application of Ceron (0.5 l/ha) and Architect (0.5 l / ha) growth regulators increased oil content by 3–8 and 4–6 percentage points, respectively. Keywords: sunflower, hybrids, growth regulators, leaf surface area, chlorophyll, yield, seed quality.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators reduced sunflower height.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators increased leaf surface area and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse1
- Outcome
- leaf surface area, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf surface area, chlorophyll content in the leaves, head diameter and number of seeds per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield and quality increased.”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
e1“When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators increased head diameter and seeds per head.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse1
- Outcome
- head diameter and number of seeds per heade0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf surface area, chlorophyll content in the leaves, head diameter and number of seeds per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield and quality increased.”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
e1“When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators increased thousand-seed weight, seed yield and quality.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse1
- Outcome
- thousand seed weight, seed yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf surface area, chlorophyll content in the leaves, head diameter and number of seeds per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield and quality increased.”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
e1“When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceron at 0.5 l/ha produced maximum leaf area, 5.5–10.2% above control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/hae0
- Outcome
- leaf surface areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/hae0
- Qualifier
- 5.5 –10.2 % more than the controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum leaf surface area of sunflower (up to 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/ha, or 5.5 –10.2 % more than the control) was observed when growth regulator Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceron produced the largest heads, 23–26 cm in diameter.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Cerone1
- Outcome
- heads with diametere0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 23–26 cme0
- Qualifier
- 11.5–30.4 % more than the controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants formed the largest heads with diameter of 23–26 cm (11.5–30.4 % more than the control)”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
e1“The maximum leaf surface area of sunflower (up to 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/ha, or 5.5 –10.2 % more than the control) was observed when growth regulator Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceron produced a maximum of 863–925.3 seeds per head.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Cerone1
- Outcome
- number of seeds per heade0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 863–925.3 piecese0
- Qualifier
- 3, 4–5.6 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum number of seeds per head was 863–925.3 pieces that exceeded the control by 3, 4–5.6 %.”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
e1“The maximum leaf surface area of sunflower (up to 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/ha, or 5.5 –10.2 % more than the control) was observed when growth regulator Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sumico HTS had the highest thousand-seed weight at 54.0–60.0 g.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Sumico HTSe0
- Outcome
- thousand seed weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 54.0–60.0 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest thousand seed weight (54.0–60.0 g) was for the mid-early hybrid Sumico HTS”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Subaro HTS had the lowest thousand-seed weight at 51–55 g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest (51–55 g) – for the mid-late Subaro HTS”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators raised sunflower yield by 1.05–1.17-fold.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- plant growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.05–1.17 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crop yield increased by 1.05–1.17 times due to the application on sunflower of plant growth regulators.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceron at 0.5 l/ha gave the largest grain-yield increase, 0.22–0.27 t/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Ceron (0.5 l/ha)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.22–0.27 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 13.5–14.8 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest increase in grain yield for all hybrids (0.22–0.27 t/ha, or 13.5–14.8 %) was provided with Ceron (0.5 l/ha).”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceron raised oil content by 3–8 percentage points.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Ceron (0.5 l/ha)e0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3–8e0
- Qualifier
- percentage pointse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Ceron (0.5 l/ha) and Architect (0.5 l / ha) growth regulators increased oil content by 3–8 and 4–6 percentage points, respectively.”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Architect raised oil content by 4–6 percentage points.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Architect (0.5 l / ha)e0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4–6 percentage pointse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Ceron (0.5 l/ha) and Architect (0.5 l / ha) growth regulators increased oil content by 3–8 and 4–6 percentage points, respectively.”
t0“sunflower growth and development”
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