Abstract
One of the most significant physiological stressors that negatively impact plants in numerous vital areas of their growth and metabolism is water stress. This study estimates the effects of natural bio-stimulants (Origanum majorana, Nigella sativa and Curcurma longa) extracts for the first time, on water stress of sunflower plant in comparison with synthetic growth regulators (glycein betaine, proline, indole acetic acid, benzyl adenine and ascorbic acid). Water stress appeared to decrease of lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root. Also caused a significant drop in chlorophylls and carotenoids. Foliar application of these synthetic and natural growth regulators significantly decreased the negative effects of drought stress on all studied morphological parameters and pigment contents of sunflower. HPLC analysis of bio-stimulants appeared six phenolic acids, one phenol and two flavonoids were found in all natural extracts. Gallic, rosmarinic, caffeic, syringic acids and kaempferol are the major phenolic compounds (more than 1000 µg/g) detected in Origanum majorana. While gallic acid, hesperetin and ferulic acid are the major phenolic compounds (more than 1000 µg/g) present in Curcurma longa. Chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, pyro catechol, coffeic acid and rutin are the dominant phenolic compounds present in Nigella sativa. The Nigella sativa treatment showed the highest decrease in proline levels. This may be due to the high concentration of caffeic acid (2406.97 g/g). The Origanum majorana treatment had the highest levels of chl. a and carotenoid contents, which rose by about 32% and 72%, respectively, compared to the stress-treated plant. The highly decrease in catalase activity, which is considered as most important indicator to water stress, appeared in Origanum majorana treatment. We suggest the use of these natural extracts as an alternative way, which appeared a significant increase in growth and biochemical near to synthetic regulators in the treatment of water stress due to the fact that these extracts contain many important phenolic compounds that have a role in the treatment of water stress.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased sunflower shoot and root lengths and fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoot and roote0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress appeared to decrease of lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly reduced sunflower chlorophylls and carotenoids.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- water stresst0
- Outcome
- chlorophylls and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- drope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also caused a significant drop in chlorophylls and carotenoids.”
t0“water stress on sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar synthetic and natural growth regulators significantly alleviated drought effects on sunflower morphology and pigments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of these synthetic and natural growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- negative effects of drought stress on all studied morphological parameters and pigment contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of these synthetic and natural growth regulators significantly decreased the negative effects of drought stress on all studied morphological parameters and pigment contents of sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
All natural extracts contained six phenolic acids, one phenol and two flavonoids.
- Taxon
- Origanum majorana
Origanum majoranae1 - Outcome
- six phenolic acids, one phenol and two flavonoidse0
- Qualifier
- all natural extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HPLC analysis of bio-stimulants appeared six phenolic acids, one phenol and two flavonoids were found in all natural extracts.”
e1“Gallic, rosmarinic, caffeic, syringic acids and kaempferol are the major phenolic compounds (more than 1000 µg/g) detected in Origanum majorana.”
t0“medicinal plant extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Origanum majorana extract contained gallic, rosmarinic, caffeic and syringic acids and kaempferol as major phenolics exceeding 1000 µg/g.
- Taxon
- Origanum majoranaOriganum majoranae0
- Outcome
- Gallic, rosmarinic, caffeic, syringic acids and kaempferole0
- Value
- more than 1000 µg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gallic, rosmarinic, caffeic, syringic acids and kaempferol are the major phenolic compounds (more than 1000 µg/g) detected in Origanum majorana.”
Claim · model-written summary
Curcurma longa extract contained gallic acid, hesperetin and ferulic acid as major phenolics exceeding 1000 µg/g.
Verbatim
e0“gallic acid, hesperetin and ferulic acid are the major phenolic compounds (more than 1000 µg/g) present in Curcurma longa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nigella sativa extract was dominated by chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, pyro catechol, coffeic acid and rutin.
- Taxon
- Nigella sativa
Nigella sativae0 - Outcome
- Chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, pyro catechol, coffeic acid and rutine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, pyro catechol, coffeic acid and rutin are the dominant phenolic compounds present in Nigella sativa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nigella sativa treatment produced the greatest decrease in sunflower proline levels.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nigella sativa treatmente0
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- highest decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Nigella sativa treatment showed the highest decrease in proline levels.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that caffeic acid concentration explains the Nigella sativa effect on proline.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Compound
- caffeic acide0
- Value
- 2406.97 g/ge0
- Qualifier
- high concentratione0
Not reportedOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This may be due to the high concentration of caffeic acid (2406.97 g/g).”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Origanum majorana treatment raised sunflower chlorophyll a by about 32% relative to stressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Origanum majorana treatmente0
- Outcome
- chl. ae0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- stress-treated plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Origanum majorana treatment had the highest levels of chl. a and carotenoid contents, which rose by about 32% and 72%, respectively, compared to the stress-treated plant.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Origanum majorana treatment raised sunflower carotenoids by about 72% relative to stressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Origanum majorana treatmente0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Comparator
- stress-treated plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Origanum majorana treatment had the highest levels of chl. a and carotenoid contents, which rose by about 32% and 72%, respectively, compared to the stress-treated plant.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Origanum majorana treatment caused the greatest decrease in sunflower catalase activity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Origanum majorana treatmente0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highly decrease in catalase activity, which is considered as most important indicator to water stress, appeared in Origanum majorana treatment.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend natural extracts as an alternative treatment for sunflower water stress.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- use of these natural extracts as an alternative waye0
- Comparator
- synthetic regulatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We suggest the use of these natural extracts as an alternative way, which appeared a significant increase in growth and biochemical near to synthetic regulators in the treatment of water stress”
t0“sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
drought · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
55 papers more in this group
See all 59 papers →drought · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →application · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →class · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.