Abstract
The inefficient utilization of nitrogen (N) in soil and drought stress seriously threatens agricultural and food production. Herein, soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability, which was beneficial to alleviate the economic losses caused by drought stress. Soil application of CDs enhanced the N-fixing ability of nodules, regulated rhizosphere processes, and ultimately enhanced N and water uptake in soybeans under drought stress. Compared to control (drought stress), the application of CDs under drought stress enhanced soybean nitrogenase activity by 8.6% and increased N content in soybean shoots and roots by 18.5% and 14.8%, respectively. CDs in soil promoted the secretion of root exudates (e.g., organic acids, fatty acids, and polyketides) and regulated beneficial microbial communities (e.g., Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria), thus enhancing the N release from soil. Besides, compared to control, the expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, GmLB, and GmAQP genes in roots were upregulated by 1.2-, 1.8-, 2.7-, and 2.3-fold respectively, implying enhanced N transport and water uptake. Furthermore, the proteins, fatty acids, and amino acids in soybean grains were improved by 3.4%, 6.9%, and 17.3%, respectively, as a result of improved N bioavailability. Therefore, CD-enabled agriculture is promising for improving the drought tolerance and quality of soybeans, which is of significance for food security in facing the crisis of global climate change.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots promoted soybean growth and nutritional quality under drought.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1)e0
- Outcome
- growth and nutritional qualitye0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots enhanced nodule nitrogen fixation under drought.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil application of CDse0
- Outcome
- N-fixing ability of nodulese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil application of CDs enhanced the N-fixing ability of nodules”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots enhanced soybean nitrogen and water uptake under drought.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Outcome
- N and water uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ultimately enhanced N and water uptake in soybeans under drought stress”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots increased soybean nitrogenase activity by 8.6%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- application of CDs under drought stresse0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 8.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CDs under drought stress enhanced soybean nitrogenase activity by 8.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots increased nitrogen content in soybean shoots by 18.5%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Outcome
- N content in soybean shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased N content in soybean shoots and roots by 18.5% and 14.8%, respectively”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots increased nitrogen content in soybean roots by 14.8%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- N content in soybean shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.8%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased N content in soybean shoots and roots by 18.5% and 14.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots promoted root exudate secretion.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CDs in soile0
- Outcome
- secretion of root exudatese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CDs in soil promoted the secretion of root exudates (e.g., organic acids, fatty acids, and polyketides)”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots regulated beneficial microbial communities.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Outcome
- beneficial microbial communitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regulated beneficial microbial communities (e.g., Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria)”
t0“Soybeans”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots enhanced nitrogen release from soil.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Outcome
- N release from soile0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus enhancing the N release from soil”
t0“Soybeans”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots upregulated root GmNRT expression 1.2 fold.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Gene
- GmNRTe0
- Outcome
- expression of GmNRTe0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 1.2-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, GmLB, and GmAQP genes in roots were upregulated by 1.2-, 1.8-, 2.7-, and 2.3-fold respectively”
t0“Soybeans”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots upregulated root GmAMT expression 1.8 fold.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Gene
- GmAMTe0
- Outcome
- expression of GmNRT, GmAMTe0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 1.8-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, GmLB, and GmAQP genes in roots were upregulated by 1.2-, 1.8-, 2.7-, and 2.3-fold respectively”
t0“Soybeans”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots upregulated root GmLB expression 2.7 fold.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Gene
- GmLBe0
- Outcome
- expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, GmLBe0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 2.7-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, GmLB, and GmAQP genes in roots were upregulated by 1.2-, 1.8-, 2.7-, and 2.3-fold respectively”
t0“Soybeans”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dots upregulated root GmAQP expression 2.3 fold.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CDse1
- Gene
- GmAQPe0
- Outcome
- expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, GmLB, and GmAQPe0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 2.3-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, GmLB, and GmAQP genes in roots were upregulated by 1.2-, 1.8-, 2.7-, and 2.3-fold respectively”
t0“Soybeans”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain protein improved by 3.4%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteins, fatty acids, and amino acids in soybean grains were improved by 3.4%, 6.9%, and 17.3%, respectively”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain fatty acids improved by 6.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteins, fatty acids, and amino acids in soybean grains were improved by 3.4%, 6.9%, and 17.3%, respectively”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain amino acids improved by 17.3%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteins, fatty acids, and amino acids in soybean grains were improved by 3.4%, 6.9%, and 17.3%, respectively”
e1“soil application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg kg–1) promoted the growth and nutritional quality of soybeans by improving N bioavailability”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.