Abstract
Abstract Yield response to foliar fertilization (N, P, K, S, solution) of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa has stimulated interest in the use of the same or similar materials in other soybean production areas. Inconsistent yield increases were obtained in Iowa, and it is unknown whether foliar fertilization is feasible where environmental conditions, type of soybeans, and other factors are different from those in Iowa. Field experiments were conducted on a Tifton sl (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) and on a Norfolk sl (siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia. Urea K‐polyphosphate mix (urea, K‐polyphosphate, and K 2 SO 4 ) and NH 4 ‐polyphosphate mix (urea, NH 4 ‐polyphosphate, KCl, and K 2 SO 4 ) treatments were foliar sprayed on soybeans during the seed filling period. All spray treatments damaged the foliage and suppressed yields with the greatest damage to foliage occurring with repeated application of foliar fertilizer. Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/ha resulted in an average (two sites) yield decrease of 10.9% for the K‐polyphosphate mix and 17.6% for the NH 4 ‐polyphosphate mix. Weight of pods, whole plants, or seeds, and seed quality were not affected by spray treatments. Absorption of applied nutrients into leaf tissue and translocation to reproductive tissue were detected only in a few instances. Increased N levels were detected only in seeds, and P levels increased only in leaves, while K levels were not changed. Under the conditions of this study, foliar N, P, K, and S fertilization of soybeans does not appear practicable for increasing yields.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
K-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 10.9% on average over two sites.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/hae1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 10.9%e1
- Qualifier
- average (two sites)e1
- Setting
- Coastal Plain region of Georgiae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e1“Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/ha resulted in an average (two sites) yield decrease of 10.9% for the K‐polyphosphate mix and 17.6% for the NH 4 ‐polyphosphate mix”
e7“Field experiments were conducted on a Tifton sl (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) and on a Norfolk sl (siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 17.6% on average over two sites.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/hae1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 17.6%e1
- Qualifier
- average (two sites)e1
- Setting
- Coastal Plain region of Georgiae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e1“Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/ha resulted in an average (two sites) yield decrease of 10.9% for the K‐polyphosphate mix and 17.6% for the NH 4 ‐polyphosphate mix”
e7“Field experiments were conducted on a Tifton sl (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) and on a Norfolk sl (siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia”
Claim · model-written summary
All foliar spray treatments damaged soybean foliage, most with repeated application.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- spray treatmentse2
- Outcome
- foliagee2
- Direction
- damagede2
- Qualifier
- repeated application of foliar fertilizere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e2“All spray treatments damaged the foliage and suppressed yields with the greatest damage to foliage occurring with repeated application of foliar fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatments did not affect soybean pod, whole-plant or seed weight, or seed quality.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- spray treatmentse3
- Outcome
- Weight of pods, whole plants, or seeds, and seed qualitye3
- Direction
- not affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e3“Weight of pods, whole plants, or seeds, and seed quality were not affected by spray treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Absorption of applied nutrients into soybean leaf tissue and translocation to reproductive tissue were detected only in a few instances.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee4
- Outcome
- Absorption of applied nutrients into leaf tissuee4
- Qualifier
- only in a few instancese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e4“Absorption of applied nutrients into leaf tissue and translocation to reproductive tissue were detected only in a few instances”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying increased nitrogen levels in soybean seeds only.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedse5
- Treatment
- spray treatmentse2
- Outcome
- N levelse5
- Direction
- Increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e2“All spray treatments damaged the foliage and suppressed yields with the greatest damage to foliage occurring with repeated application of foliar fertilizer”
e5“Increased N levels were detected only in seeds, and P levels increased only in leaves, while K levels were not changed”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying increased phosphorus levels in soybean leaves only.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- spray treatmentse2
- Outcome
- P levelse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e2“All spray treatments damaged the foliage and suppressed yields with the greatest damage to foliage occurring with repeated application of foliar fertilizer”
e5“Increased N levels were detected only in seeds, and P levels increased only in leaves, while K levels were not changed”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying did not change potassium levels in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- spray treatmentse2
- Outcome
- K levelse5
- Direction
- were not changede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e2“All spray treatments damaged the foliage and suppressed yields with the greatest damage to foliage occurring with repeated application of foliar fertilizer”
e5“Increased N levels were detected only in seeds, and P levels increased only in leaves, while K levels were not changed”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N, P, K and S fertilization of soybean does not appear practicable for increasing yields under the study conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliar N, P, K, and S fertilizatione6
- Outcome
- practicable for increasing yieldse6
- Qualifier
- Under the conditions of this studye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
e6“Under the conditions of this study, foliar N, P, K, and S fertilization of soybeans does not appear practicable for increasing yields”
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