Paper · 2022 · The Pharma Innovation

Bio-efficacy of pre and post-emergence herbicides on lentil yield, weed control efficiency, weed index, nutrient uptake and economics

Birendra Kumar; Niru Kumari; Lingutla Sirisha; et al.

9
claims
29
verbatim quotes
3
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop. Among all the biotic factors, weed infestation is being an adverse impact on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economics due to lentil short stature, low branching, lack of protective canopy and it’s unable to smother the weeds. Although, applying pre emergence herbicides, in many situation early weed control herbicides are not that much efficient for attaining higher yields due to lentil is long duration crop and critical weed competition upto 40-60 DAS. Sequence use of pre and post-emergence herbicides and application of early post-emergence herbicides may help in controlling the weeds at later stages of crop growth period. To understand resources distribution in lentil a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20 in RCBD replicated thrice with 13 treatments to assess the effect of various pre and post-emergence herbicides in lentil. Out of 13 treatments, weed free treatment produced significantly higher grain yield and haum yield and new generation herbicides application of pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr were statistically at par with weed free treatment. Weed control efficiency, Weed index, Nutrients uptake and Economics by different weeds treatments were recorded significantly higher in pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr, oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and imazethapyr + imazomox at 60 DAS and at harvest. Ultimately, it can be concluded that, application of pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr in lentil brings in enhancing grain yield and achieving more net returns, B:C ratio apart from suppressing the weeds through higher weed control efficiency and lower weed index.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed-free treatment produced significantly higher grain yield and haulm yield of lentil than the other herbicide treatments.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
weed free treatmente1
Outcome
grain yield and haum yielde1
Direction
highere1
Comparator
13 treatmentse1
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e1

“Out of 13 treatments, weed free treatment produced significantly higher grain yield and haum yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–1053 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr was statistically at par with the weed-free treatment for lentil grain and haulm yield.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyre2
Outcome
grain yield and haum yielde1
Direction
at pare2
Comparator
weed free treatmente2
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e1

“Out of 13 treatments, weed free treatment produced significantly higher grain yield and haum yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–1053 · show in text ↑
e2

“new generation herbicides application of pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr were statistically at par with weed free treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1058–1247 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr was statistically at par with the weed-free treatment for lentil grain and haulm yield.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyre2
Outcome
grain yield and haum yielde1
Direction
at pare2
Comparator
weed free treatmente2
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e1

“Out of 13 treatments, weed free treatment produced significantly higher grain yield and haum yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–1053 · show in text ↑
e2

“new generation herbicides application of pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr were statistically at par with weed free treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1058–1247 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr recorded significantly higher weed control efficiency and weed index than the other weed treatments at 60 DAS and at harvest.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyre4
Outcome
Weed control efficiency, Weed indexe4
Direction
highere4
Qualifier
at 60 DAS and at harveste4
Comparator
different weeds treatmentse4
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
e4

“Weed control efficiency, Weed index, Nutrients uptake and Economics by different weeds treatments were recorded significantly higher in pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr, oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and imazethapyr + imazomox at 60 DAS and at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1249–1531 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr recorded significantly higher nutrient uptake and economics than the other weed treatments at 60 DAS and at harvest.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyre4
Outcome
Nutrients uptake and Economicse4
Direction
highere4
Qualifier
at 60 DAS and at harveste4
Comparator
different weeds treatmentse4
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
e4

“Weed control efficiency, Weed index, Nutrients uptake and Economics by different weeds treatments were recorded significantly higher in pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr, oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and imazethapyr + imazomox at 60 DAS and at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1249–1531 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr recorded significantly higher weed control efficiency and weed index than the other weed treatments at 60 DAS and at harvest.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyre4
Outcome
Weed control efficiency, Weed indexe4
Direction
highere4
Qualifier
at 60 DAS and at harveste4
Comparator
different weeds treatmentse4
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
e4

“Weed control efficiency, Weed index, Nutrients uptake and Economics by different weeds treatments were recorded significantly higher in pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr, oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and imazethapyr + imazomox at 60 DAS and at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1249–1531 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr recorded significantly higher nutrient uptake and economics than the other weed treatments at 60 DAS and at harvest.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyre4
Outcome
Nutrients uptake and Economicse4
Direction
highere4
Qualifier
at 60 DAS and at harveste4
Comparator
different weeds treatmentse4
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
e4

“Weed control efficiency, Weed index, Nutrients uptake and Economics by different weeds treatments were recorded significantly higher in pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr, oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and imazethapyr + imazomox at 60 DAS and at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1249–1531 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Imazethapyr + imazomox recorded significantly higher weed control efficiency and weed index than the other weed treatments at 60 DAS and at harvest.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
imazethapyr + imazomoxe4
Outcome
Weed control efficiency, Weed indexe4
Direction
highere4
Qualifier
at 60 DAS and at harveste4
Comparator
different weeds treatmentse4
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
e4

“Weed control efficiency, Weed index, Nutrients uptake and Economics by different weeds treatments were recorded significantly higher in pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr, oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and imazethapyr + imazomox at 60 DAS and at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1249–1531 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Imazethapyr + imazomox recorded significantly higher nutrient uptake and economics than the other weed treatments at 60 DAS and at harvest.

Taxon
Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment
imazethapyr + imazomoxe4
Outcome
Nutrients uptake and Economicse4
Direction
highere4
Qualifier
at 60 DAS and at harveste4
Comparator
different weeds treatmentse4
Setting
BAU research farm, Saboure3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important grain legume crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e3

“a field experiment was laid out at BAU research farm, Sabour during Rabi of 2019-20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–832 · show in text ↑
e4

“Weed control efficiency, Weed index, Nutrients uptake and Economics by different weeds treatments were recorded significantly higher in pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr, oxyflurofen fb quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr and imazethapyr + imazomox at 60 DAS and at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1249–1531 · show in text ↑

Imazethapyr · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 15 positive, 3 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

pendimethalin · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results

24 papers: 22 positive, 2 negative or no effect

21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

20 papers more in this group

See all 24 papers →

quizalofop-ethyl · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

herbicide · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Results differ

47 papers: 36 positive, 11 negative or no effect

35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

43 papers more in this group

See all 47 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.