Abstract
Oat has been gaining renewed interest due to its role in a healthy human diet, in animal feed, and as a source of high value compounds with industrial applications. Nitrogen fertilization and planting density are two of the most important crop management practices that affect the formation of yield components and final yield of oat. A 2 year 3 × 5 factorial field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and planting density on the flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield, and yield components under rainfed conditions. The experiment consisted of three sowing densities (60, 180, and 300 kg·ha−1) and five nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg·ha−1). Results showed that the grain yield was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the leaf net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), water-use efficiency (WUE), stomatal limitation value (Ls), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle (NSP), number of grains per panicle (NGP), weight of grains per panicle (WGP), and 1000-kernel weight. Among the yield components, grain yield was driven by number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) and number of grains per panicle (NGP) at low (or high) planting density with low N supply, whereas, at high N supply, 1000-kernel weight was also an important factor for yield. Nitrogen fertilizer and sowing density had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield, and yield components of oat. The yield components increased and then decreased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer, while they decreased with the increase in planting density. The maximum values (p < 0.05) of grain yield were observed in the nitrogen fertilization of 90 kg·ha−1 and sowing density of 180 kg·ha−1 treatment in both growing seasons, mainly contributing to the improved leaf photosynthesis traits (Pn, Gs, Tr, Ls, SPAD, and LAI). The combination of nitrogen fertilization of 90 kg·ha−1 and sowing density of 180 kg·ha−1 is suitable for oat production on a cool semiarid plateau or other agroecozones with similar environmental conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated significantly with measured photosynthetic traits, leaf area and yield components.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae1 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the leaf net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), water-use efficiency (WUE), stomatal limitation value (Ls), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle (NSP), number of grains per panicle (NGP), weight of grains per panicle (WGP), and 1000-kernel weight”
e1“final yield of oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
At low nitrogen supply, spikelet and grain numbers drove yield at low or high planting density.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Organ / stage
- paniclee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- low (or high) planting density with low N supplye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was driven by number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) and number of grains per panicle (NGP) at low (or high) planting density with low N supply”
e1“final yield of oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
At high nitrogen supply, thousand-kernel weight also contributed to oat yield.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- high N supplye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at high N supply, 1000-kernel weight was also an important factor for yield”
e1“final yield of oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer and sowing density significantly affected flag-leaf photosynthesis, grain yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizer and sowing densitye0
- Outcome
- flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield, and yield componentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer and sowing density had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield, and yield components of oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components rose and then fell as nitrogen fertilizer increased.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- increased and then decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield components increased and then decreased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer”
e1“final yield of oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat grain yield peaked at 90 kg·ha−1 nitrogen and 180 kg·ha−1 sowing density in both seasons.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization of 90 kg·ha−1 and sowing density of 180 kg·ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- both growing seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum values (p < 0.05) of grain yield were observed in the nitrogen fertilization of 90 kg·ha−1 and sowing density of 180 kg·ha−1 treatment in both growing seasons”
e1“final yield of oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 90 kg·ha−1 nitrogen and 180 kg·ha−1 sowing density for oat production in comparable semiarid regions.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization of 90 kg·ha−1 and sowing density of 180 kg·ha−1e0
- Outcome
- oat productione0
- Setting
- cool semiarid plateaue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of nitrogen fertilization of 90 kg·ha−1 and sowing density of 180 kg·ha−1 is suitable for oat production on a cool semiarid plateau or other agroecozones with similar environmental conditions.”
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