Abstract
With global warming, high-temperature (HT) stress has become a major abiotic stress for crops, in particular summer maize in China. Photosynthesis is sensitive to HT. Salicylic acid (SA) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) can improve the adaptation of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their contribution to maintaining photosynthetic activity and alleviating photoinhibition in maize leaves under HT stress is still unclear. The effects of exogenous SA or 6-BA on growth, photosynthesis capacity, photosystem II (PSII) activity, subcellular ultrastructure, antioxidant system, and plant hormones in maize leaves under HT stress were investigated. Under HT conditions, application of SA or 6-BA up-regulated gibberellin and zeatin content in leaves, increasing leaf area index (LAI). It also expanded the stomata by reducing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid content in leaves, cooling them and increasing CO2 supply to photosynthesis. A higher net photosynthetic rate, combined with increased activity of the antioxidant system, alleviated oxidative stress in maize plants sprayed with SA or 6-BA, allowing them to maintain their chloroplast ultrastructure and PSII activity, in particular electron transfer from QA to QB. The increased LAI and net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area also resulted in the accumulation of more biomass.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased gibberellin and zeatin content and leaf area index under high temperature.
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- gibberellin and zeatin content in leaves, increasing leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Under HT conditions, application of SA or 6-BA up-regulated gibberellin and zeatin content in leaves, increasing leaf area index (LAI)”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA increased gibberellin and zeatin content and leaf area index under high temperature.
- Treatment
- 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- gibberellin and zeatin content in leaves, increasing leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Under HT conditions, application of SA or 6-BA up-regulated gibberellin and zeatin content in leaves, increasing leaf area index (LAI)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, expanded stomata, cooled leaves and increased CO2 supply.
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Compound
- abscisic acid and jasmonic acide0
- Outcome
- expanded the stomatae0
- Direction
- expandede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“It also expanded the stomata by reducing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid content in leaves, cooling them and increasing CO2 supply to photosynthesis.”
e1“application of SA or 6-BA”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA reduced abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, expanded stomata, cooled leaves and increased CO2 supply.
- Treatment
- 6-BAe1
- Compound
- abscisic acid and jasmonic acide0
- Outcome
- expanded the stomatae0
- Direction
- expandede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“It also expanded the stomata by reducing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid content in leaves, cooling them and increasing CO2 supply to photosynthesis.”
e1“application of SA or 6-BA”
Claim · model-written summary
SA or 6-BA raised net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant activity, alleviated oxidative stress, and maintained chloroplast structure and PSII activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“A higher net photosynthetic rate, combined with increased activity of the antioxidant system, alleviated oxidative stress in maize plants sprayed with SA or 6-BA, allowing them to maintain their chloroplast ultrastructure and PSII activity, in particular electron transfer from QA to QB.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased leaf area index and net photosynthesis led to more maize biomass.
- Outcome
- more biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- increased LAI and net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“The increased LAI and net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area also resulted in the accumulation of more biomass.”
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