Abstract
Abstract Ten fungicidal treatments with and without 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) at 1000 ppm were applied to Fusarium -inoculated, dormant cormels by soaking or by vacuum infusion. Water-control treatments resulted in nearly complete disease loss by F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli Sny. & Hans. Treatments with 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (TBZ) or methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl) were effective in controlling the disease. Application of TBZ suspension by vacuum infusion increased corm and cormel production over the soak treatment. The effectiveness of TBZ was increased also by adding 100 ppm Ortho X-77 Spreader, or by adding phosphoric acid to dissolve the chemical at pH 3. The addition of ethephon increased corm production in the 10 treatments by 50% and cormel production by 90%. The increases in corm and cormel production were, respectively, 61 and 116% where ethephon was added to the most effective vacuum infusion treatments, namely: TBZ + X-77, TBZ + phosphoric acid, and benomyl + X-77 with or without dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Water controls had nearly complete disease loss.
- Treatment
- Water-control treatmentse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie0pathogen - Outcome
- disease loss by F. oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie0
GladiolusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“Water-control treatments resulted in nearly complete disease loss by F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli Sny. & Hans.”
Claim · model-written summary
TBZ controlled the disease.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“Treatments with 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (TBZ) or methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl) were effective in controlling the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl controlled the disease.
- Treatment
- methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl)e0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl) were effective in controlling the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infusion of TBZ increased corm production over soaking.
- Treatment
- TBZ suspension by vacuum infusione0
- Outcome
- corm and cormel productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- soak treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“Application of TBZ suspension by vacuum infusion increased corm and cormel production over the soak treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infusion of TBZ increased cormel production over soaking.
- Treatment
- TBZ suspension by vacuum infusione0
- Outcome
- cormel productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- soak treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“Application of TBZ suspension by vacuum infusion increased corm and cormel production over the soak treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ortho X-77 increased TBZ effectiveness.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“The effectiveness of TBZ was increased also by adding 100 ppm Ortho X-77 Spreader”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphoric acid at pH 3 increased TBZ effectiveness.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“The effectiveness of TBZ was increased also by adding 100 ppm Ortho X-77 Spreader, or by adding phosphoric acid to dissolve the chemical at pH 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased corm production by 50% across ten treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“The addition of ethephon increased corm production in the 10 treatments by 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased cormel production by 90% across ten treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“The addition of ethephon increased corm production in the 10 treatments by 50% and cormel production by 90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased corm production 61% with the most effective vacuum infusion treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“The increases in corm and cormel production were, respectively, 61 and 116% where ethephon was added to the most effective vacuum infusion treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased cormel production 116% with the most effective vacuum infusion treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gladiolus”
e0“The increases in corm and cormel production were, respectively, 61 and 116% where ethephon was added to the most effective vacuum infusion treatments”
The same questions in other papers
benomyl · disease · GladiolusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · GladiolusResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.