Abstract
Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land, but the rice yield is not high due to the saline sodic stress that affects rice growth. Straw return can improve soil fertility, but it is unknown whether the physicochemical properties of saline sodic soil can be improved by straw return and whether straw return can improve the productivity of saline sodic land. Therefore, we conducted a 4-year field trial to assess the effects of adding straw at 0, 2800, 4200, 5600, and 7000 kg ha−1 (CK, S1, S2, S3, and S4) on the soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, soil nutrients, and rice yield in saline sodic lands from 2017 to 2020. Our results show that a decrease in soil bulk density (BD) and a decrease in the percentage of < 0.053 mm particle size aggregates after straw incorporation depend on the straw incorporation rate. Soil exchangeable Na+ (ENa+) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were significantly lower in the straw treatments than in the CK treatment, and straw incorporation also had a positive effect on the reduction of soil pH and EC. Straw incorporation had a positive effect on the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN). SOM and TN gradually increased with the increase of straw incorporation rate. Rice yield showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increasing straw incorporation rate, with the highest yield under the S3 treatment at a four-year average yield of 8.57 t ha−1. There was no significant difference between the S3 and S4 treatments in soil physical structure, chemical properties, or nutrients during the experiment. Therefore, we conclude that a reasonable amount of straw incorporation for improving saline sodic soil properties as well as for increasing rice yield in the first four years is 5600 kg ha−1 (S3 treatment).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation decreased soil bulk density, depending on the straw incorporation rate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- straw incorporatione1
- Outcome
- soil bulk density (BD)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“a decrease in soil bulk density (BD) and a decrease in the percentage of < 0.053 mm particle size aggregates after straw incorporation depend on the straw incorporation rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation decreased the percentage of <0.053 mm particle size aggregates, depending on the straw incorporation rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- straw incorporatione1
- Outcome
- percentage of < 0.053 mm particle size aggregatese1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“a decrease in soil bulk density (BD) and a decrease in the percentage of < 0.053 mm particle size aggregates after straw incorporation depend on the straw incorporation rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable Na+ and exchangeable sodium percentage were significantly lower in the straw treatments than in the CK treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- straw treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Soil exchangeable Na+ (ENa+) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)e1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- CK treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“Soil exchangeable Na+ (ENa+) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were significantly lower in the straw treatments than in the CK treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation had a positive effect on reducing soil pH and EC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- straw incorporatione1
- Outcome
- soil pH and ECe1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“straw incorporation also had a positive effect on the reduction of soil pH and EC”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation had a positive effect on accumulation of soil organic matter and total nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Straw incorporatione1
- Outcome
- soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN)e1
- Direction
- accumulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“Straw incorporation had a positive effect on the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN)”
Claim · model-written summary
SOM and TN increased gradually as the straw incorporation rate increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- straw incorporation ratee1
- Outcome
- SOM and TNe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“SOM and TN gradually increased with the increase of straw incorporation rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield increased and then decreased as the straw incorporation rate increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- straw incorporation ratee1
- Outcome
- Rice yielde1
- Direction
- increasing and then decreasinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“Rice yield showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increasing straw incorporation rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The S3 treatment gave the highest rice yield, 8.57 t ha−1 as a four-year average.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“with the highest yield under the S3 treatment at a four-year average yield of 8.57 t ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant difference between the S3 and S4 treatments in soil physical structure, chemical properties or nutrients.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- S3e1
- Outcome
- soil physical structure, chemical properties, or nutrientse1
- Direction
- no significant differencee1
- Comparator
- S4e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“There was no significant difference between the S3 and S4 treatments in soil physical structure, chemical properties, or nutrients during the experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
A straw incorporation of 5600 kg ha−1 (S3) is recommended for improving saline sodic soil and increasing rice yield in the first four years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- reasonable amount of straw incorporatione1
- Value
- 5600 kg ha−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land”
e1“a reasonable amount of straw incorporation for improving saline sodic soil properties as well as for increasing rice yield in the first four years is 5600 kg ha−1 (S3 treatment)”
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See all 63 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.