Abstract
Incorporating oilseed-rape straw in soil is one of the effective methods for enhancing the use efficiency of agricultural resources in the rape-rice rotation system. However, the impacts of oilseed-rape straw incorporation on root growth and dynamic changes in soil are still unclear. In order to provide a deeper understanding of the oilseed rape straw return on rice growth and productivity, the experiment was conducted in the field and in a specially-designed pots system from 2016 to 2017 by means of two straw returning methods and four straw returning amounts. In the early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting) the straw returning treatments decreased 1.0–8.6 mg/plant in bleeding density and 0.10–6.11, 0.06–0.31, and 0.52–0.84 μmol/(g h) in the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), respectively. Oilseed rape straw returned by mulching induced negative impacts on new germinating roots in 0–10 cm of soil, while the negative impacts were observed on roots in 10–30 cm of soil for straw returned by plowing. In the later stage of rice growth (56–75 days after rice transplanting), oilseed rape straw returning produced some positive impacts on rice roots, which enhanced the yield of rice. Conclusively, our findings suggested that dynamic root growth and the activity of root enzymes are two major factors behind the slow reviving of rice after transplanting in the straw returning field. Plowing is a more appropriate method of straw returning than mulching in the rape-rice rotation system in the Sichuan basin area, with a straw incorporation rate of 3.0 t/hm2.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Straw returning decreased bleeding density of rice in the early stage of rice growth by 1.0–8.6 mg/plant.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting)e0
- Treatment
- straw returninge0
- Outcome
- bleeding densitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.0–8.6 mg/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting) the straw returning treatments decreased 1.0–8.6 mg/plant in bleeding density”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw returning decreased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in rice roots by 0.10–6.11 μmol/(g h) in the early stage of rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting)e0
- Treatment
- straw returninge0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.10–6.11e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting) the straw returning treatments decreased 1.0–8.6 mg/plant in bleeding density and 0.10–6.11, 0.06–0.31, and 0.52–0.84 μmol/(g h) in the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw returning decreased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity in rice by 0.06–0.31 μmol/(g h) in the early stage of rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting)e0
- Treatment
- straw returninge0
- Gene
- glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT)e0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.06–0.31e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting) the straw returning treatments decreased 1.0–8.6 mg/plant in bleeding density and 0.10–6.11, 0.06–0.31, and 0.52–0.84 μmol/(g h) in the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw returning decreased glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in rice by 0.52–0.84 μmol/(g h) in the early stage of rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting)e0
- Treatment
- straw returninge0
- Gene
- glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)e0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.52–0.84e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting) the straw returning treatments decreased 1.0–8.6 mg/plant in bleeding density and 0.10–6.11, 0.06–0.31, and 0.52–0.84 μmol/(g h) in the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed rape straw returned by mulching had negative impacts on new germinating rice roots in 0–10 cm of soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- new germinating roots in 0–10 cm of soile0
- Treatment
- Oilseed rape straw returned by mulchinge0
- Outcome
- negative impacts on new germinating rootse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oilseed rape straw returned by mulching induced negative impacts on new germinating roots in 0–10 cm of soil”
e1“early stage of rice growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw returned by plowing had negative impacts on rice roots in 10–30 cm of soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- roots in 10–30 cm of soile0
- Treatment
- straw returned by plowinge0
- Outcome
- negative impactse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the negative impacts were observed on roots in 10–30 cm of soil for straw returned by plowing”
e1“early stage of rice growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed rape straw returning had some positive impacts on rice roots in the later stage of rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- later stage of rice growth (56–75 days after rice transplanting)e1
- Treatment
- oilseed rape straw returninge0
- Outcome
- positive impacts on rice rootse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oilseed rape straw returning produced some positive impacts on rice roots”
e1“In the later stage of rice growth (56–75 days after rice transplanting)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed rape straw returning increased the yield of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- oilseed rape straw returninge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oilseed rape straw returning produced some positive impacts on rice roots, which enhanced the yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dynamic root growth and the activity of root enzymes are two major factors behind the slow reviving of rice after transplanting in the straw returning field.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- slow reviving of rice after transplantinge0
- Qualifier
- dynamic root growth and the activity of root enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dynamic root growth and the activity of root enzymes are two major factors behind the slow reviving of rice after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Plowing is a more appropriate straw returning method than mulching for rice in the rape-rice rotation system of the Sichuan basin area, at a straw incorporation rate of 3.0 t/hm2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Plowinge0
- Outcome
- appropriate method of straw returninge0
- Value
- 3.0 t/hm2e0
- Comparator
- mulchinge0
- Setting
- Sichuan basin areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plowing is a more appropriate method of straw returning than mulching in the rape-rice rotation system in the Sichuan basin area, with a straw incorporation rate of 3.0 t/hm2”
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