Abstract
Abstract The most important measures for salt-affected mudflat soil reclamation are to reduce salinity and to increase soil organic carbon (OC) content and thus soil fertility. Salinity reduction is often accomplished through costly freshwater irrigation by special engineering measures. Whether fertility enhancement only through one-off application of a great amount of OC can improve soil properties and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of our indoor pot experiment was to study the effects of OC amendment at 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, calculated from carbon content, by one-off application of sewage sludge on soil properties, rice yield, and root growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that the application of sewage sludge promoted soil fertility by reducing soil pH and increasing content of OC, nitrogen and phosphorus in salt-affected mudflat soil, while soil electric conductivity (EC) increased with increasing sewage sludge (SS) application rates under waterlogged conditions. In this study, the rice growth was not inhibited by the highest EC of 4.43 dS m −1 even at high doses of SS application. The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages. In conclusion, fertility enhancement through organic carbon amendment can “offset” the adverse effects of increased salinity and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge reduced soil pH and increased soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- application of sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- soil pHe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of sewage sludge promoted soil fertility by reducing soil pH and increasing content of OC, nitrogen and phosphorus in salt-affected mudflat soil”
t0“Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil electrical conductivity increased with sewage sludge application rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sewage sludge (SS) application ratese1
- Outcome
- soil electric conductivity (EC)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- waterlogged conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soil electric conductivity (EC) increased with increasing sewage sludge (SS) application rates under waterlogged conditions.”
t0“Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice growth was not inhibited even at 4.43 dS m −1 EC under high sludge doses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- high doses of SS applicatione1
- Outcome
- rice growthe1
- Direction
- not inhibitede1
- Value
- 4.43 dS m −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rice growth was not inhibited by the highest EC of 4.43 dS m −1 even at high doses of SS application.”
t0“Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- SS applicatione1
- Outcome
- yield of ricee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages.”
t0“Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge promoted rice root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- SS applicatione1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages.”
t0“Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge enhanced root activity and root flux activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- SS applicatione1
- Outcome
- root activity and root flux activitye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages.”
t0“Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased soluble sugar and amino acid content in rice bleeding sap.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- tillering, jointing, and maturity stagese1
- Treatment
- SS applicatione1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar and amino acid contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages.”
t0“Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.