Abstract
A b s t r a c t. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the physicochemical properties and lodging index of different stem internodes and the yield of direct-seeded rice. Two treatments of wheat straw returning (returning and non-returning) and five potassium application rates of 0, 62.5, 125, 187.5, and 250 kg ha -1 were applied. Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1 significantly promoted potassium accumulation, increased total soluble sugar and lignin contents, improved breaking moment, reduced the flattening rate and lodging resistance index of different internode stems, and increased the yield. Correlation analysis revealed that compared with those of the 4th and 5th internodes, potassium content and accumulation and total soluble sugar and lignin contents of the 3rd internode were significantly positively correlated with yield (r = 0.85**-0.93**) and negatively correlated with the stem flat rate and lodging index (r = -0.67*--0.79**), which improved lodging resistance in collaboration with the 4th and 5th internodes (r = 0.82**-0.95**). Increasing potassium accumulation, total soluble sugar and lignin content, and reducing stem flatness of the 3rd stem internodes are important factors for improving lodging resistance of direct-seeded rice and may provide a basis for improving the 4th and 5th stem internodes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Straw returning with 125 kg ha -1 potassium significantly promoted potassium accumulation in rice internodes.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- potassium accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1 significantly promoted potassium accumulation”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased total soluble sugar and lignin contents.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugar and lignin contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1 significantly promoted potassium accumulation, increased total soluble sugar and lignin contents”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment improved rice internode breaking moment.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- breaking momente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“improved breaking moment”
e1“Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment reduced the stem flattening rate and lodging resistance index.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Organ / stage
- internode stemse0
- Treatment
- Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- flattening rate and lodging resistance indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced the flattening rate and lodging resistance index of different internode stems”
e1“Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased rice yield.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“and increased the yield”
e1“Wheat straw returning combined with a potassium application rate of 125 kg ha -1”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Third-internode potassium content and accumulation correlated positively with yield.
Verbatim
e0“potassium content and accumulation and total soluble sugar and lignin contents of the 3rd internode were significantly positively correlated with yield (r = 0.85**-0.93**)”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Third-internode sugar and lignin contents correlated positively with yield.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble sugar and lignin contents of the 3rd internode were significantly positively correlated with yield (r = 0.85**-0.93**)”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Third-internode chemical contents correlated negatively with stem flat rate and lodging index.
Verbatim
e0“potassium content and accumulation and total soluble sugar and lignin contents of the 3rd internode were significantly positively correlated with yield (r = 0.85**-0.93**) and negatively correlated with the stem flat rate and lodging index (r = -0.67*--0.79**)”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The third internode worked with fourth and fifth internodes to improve lodging resistance.
Verbatim
e0“improved lodging resistance in collaboration with the 4th and 5th internodes (r = 0.82**-0.95**)”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify higher third-internode potassium, sugars and lignin and lower flatness as factors for lodging resistance.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing potassium accumulation, total soluble sugar and lignin content, and reducing stem flatness of the 3rd stem internodes are important factors for improving lodging resistance of direct-seeded rice”
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See all 327 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.