Paper · 2022 · South African Journal of Botany

Foliar application of moringa leaf extract (MLE) enhanced antioxidant system, growth, and biomass related attributes in safflower plants

Arslan Hafeez; Muhammad Imran Tipu; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; et al.

10
claims
21
verbatim quotes
18
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The use of synthetic fertilizers is a potential source of environmental hazards. Natural plant-based growth regulators are eco-friendly, inexpensive and their use is highly recommended. Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) is also known as a miracle plant with high nutritional content, medicinal and plant growth-promoting properties due to the presence of appreciable levels of hormones, vitamins, micro, and macronutrients. However, no literature has been found regarding the effect of moringa leaf extract (MLE) application on safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Therefore, the present experiment investigated the effect of two different concentrations of MLE (3 and 20%) on various biochemical, mineral content, growth, and biomass-related attributes of safflower plants. Results revealed that application of MLE significantly improved chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass. Moreover, MLE application also significantly enhanced activities of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) while decreasing H2O2 and MDA content. Foliar application of MLE also resulted in a notable increase in proline, glycine betaine, and mineral content. The application of MLE (20%) manifested maximum improvement in all attributes when compared to MLE (3%). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed positive correlation among growth, biomass, biochemical and mineral content, whereas a strong negative correlation was found between these traits and oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) under MLE application. The present experimental findings indicate that MLE application can be employed as a natural plant growth regulator. Furthermore, the MLE enhanced the antioxidant system and reduced oxidative stress, therefore, it can be used to ameliorate the detrimental effects of environmental adversities on plants.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

MLE significantly improved chlorophyll content and photosystem II maximum quantum yield in safflower.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
application of MLEe0
Outcome
chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm)e0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“application of MLE significantly improved chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–910 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

MLE significantly improved shoot and root length and fresh biomass in safflower.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
application of MLEe0
Outcome
shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomasse0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“application of MLE significantly improved chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–956 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

MLE significantly increased leaf SOD, POD and CAT activities.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
MLE applicatione0
Outcome
activities of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT)e0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“MLE application also significantly enhanced activities of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 968–1094 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MLE decreased safflower H2O2 and MDA content.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
MLE applicatione0
Outcome
H2O2 and MDA contente0
Direction
decreasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“MLE application also significantly enhanced activities of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) while decreasing H2O2 and MDA content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 968–1132 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar MLE increased safflower proline, glycine betaine and mineral content.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
Foliar application of MLEe0
Outcome
proline, glycine betaine, and mineral contente0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Foliar application of MLE also resulted in a notable increase in proline, glycine betaine, and mineral content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1134–1244 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MLE at 20% gave maximum improvement across measured attributes relative to 3%.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
MLE (20%)e0
Outcome
all attributese0
Direction
maximum improvemente0
Comparator
MLE (3%)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The application of MLE (20%) manifested maximum improvement in all attributes when compared to MLE (3%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1246–1349 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth, biomass, biochemical and mineral content traits correlated positively under MLE.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
MLEe1
Outcome
growth, biomass, biochemical and mineral contente0
Direction
positivee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“positive correlation among growth, biomass, biochemical and mineral content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1391–1466 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
e1

“under MLE application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1581–1602 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oxidative stress markers correlated negatively with growth, biomass, biochemical and mineral traits under MLE.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
MLE applicatione0
Outcome
oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA)e0
Direction
negativee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a strong negative correlation was found between these traits and oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) under MLE application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1476–1602 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors propose MLE as a natural plant growth regulator.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Outcome
natural plant growth regulatore0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“MLE application can be employed as a natural plant growth regulator”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1652–1719 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors propose MLE to ameliorate environmental adversity effects on plants.

Taxon
safflower plantsCarthamus tinctoriust0
Outcome
ameliorate the detrimental effects of environmental adversities on plantse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“it can be used to ameliorate the detrimental effects of environmental adversities on plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1815–1906 · show in text ↑
t0

“safflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–136 · show in text ↑

botanical · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

application · physiology: osmolytes · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.