Abstract
Phytopathological examination of orchards of various forms of ownership reveal that every year the rust of pip fruit trees has become widespread and reached its epiphytosis. In 2008, we detected symptoms of rust on pip fruit trees in the form of single yellow spots on pear leaves in orchards of different ages and forms of ownership. The identifcation found that the fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae G. Winter, (1882) (syn. G. fuscum DC. (1805)) was the causative agent of pear rust. The prevalence of pathology was insignifcant within 3–5 %. Every year the percentage of the pathology spread and development had been increasing and in 2021 it amounted to 55-75% and 4-5 points, respectively. Symptoms of the lesion were observed on leaves, young shoots and fruits. Microscopic studies found several species of pathogens of the genus Gymnosporangium, namely G. sabinae G. Winter, G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof., G. confusum Plowr., dominated by G. sabinae G. Winter that in the pathological complex of the affected organs of the pear there are. In 2012, we detected symptoms of rust on apple tree leaves in the form of single yellow spots, with a prevalence of 3 %. The identifcation established that the fungi G. tremelloides Hartig and G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof. were the causative agents of apple leaf rust are with G. tremelloides Hartig having a signifcant dominance. In 2021, the percentage of prevalence and development of this pathology ranged 25–30 % and 2–3 points, respectively. In the collection fund of the Botanical Garden of BNAU the section of Angiosperms is represented by one genus Cydonia Mill and the species C. oblonga Mill. In 2018, we noted a few small spots on the leaves of quince caused by the pathogen G. confusum Plowr. The microscopic analysis of the affected organs of species of the genus Juniperus L. with the signs of rust reveal that the pathological complex involved four pathogens of the genus Gymnosporangium, which are the causative agents of pip fruit trees rust. Seven species of Juniperus L. are ecological niches for rust pathogens of pear, apple and quince, namely Juniperus communis L. – for G. tremelloides Hartig, Juniperus excels – for G. sabinae Wint., G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof., J.foetidissima – G. sabinae Wint. G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof., G. confusum Plowr., J. oxycedrus – for G. sabinae Wint., G. confusum Plowr., J. phoenicea – for G. sabinae Wint., G. confusum Plowr., J. sabina - G. sabinae Wint., J. macropoda – G. confusum Plowr. Кey words: pip fruit trees, rust, agent, Gymnosporangium, Juniperus L.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pear rust percentage of spread and development increased, reaching 55-75% and 4-5 points in 2021.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Interactor
- Gymnosporangium
.jpg?width=60)
Gymnosporangiumt1pathogen - Outcome
- percentage of the pathology spread and developmente1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 55-75%e1
- Setting
- orchards of different ages and forms of ownershipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In 2008, we detected symptoms of rust on pip fruit trees in the form of single yellow spots on pear leaves in orchards of different ages and forms of ownership.”
e1“Every year the percentage of the pathology spread and development had been increasing and in 2021 it amounted to 55-75% and 4-5 points, respectively.”
t1“genus Gymnosporangium pathology spread”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple rust prevalence and development reached 25–30 % and 2–3 points in 2021.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae3 - Interactor
- GymnosporangiumGymnosporangiumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of prevalence and development of this pathologye4
- Value
- 25–30 % and 2–3 pointse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In 2012, we detected symptoms of rust on apple tree leaves in the form of single yellow spots, with a prevalence of 3 %.”
e4“In 2021, the percentage of prevalence and development of this pathology ranged 25–30 % and 2–3 points, respectively.”
t1“genus Gymnosporangium pathology spread”
Claim · model-written summary
Gymnosporangium tremelloides dominated the apple leaf rust pathogens.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Interactor
- G. tremelloides Hartig
Gymnosporangium tremelloidese5pathogen - Outcome
- dominancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The identifcation established that the fungi G. tremelloides Hartig and G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof. were the causative agents of apple leaf rust are with G. tremelloides Hartig having a signifcant dominance.”
Claim · model-written summary
Quince leaves developed a few small spots caused by Gymnosporangium confusum in 2018.
- Taxon
- quince
Cydonia oblongae6 - Interactor
- G. confusum Plowr.
Gymnosporangium confusume6pathogen - Outcome
- small spotse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In 2018, we noted a few small spots on the leaves of quince caused by the pathogen G. confusum Plowr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven Juniperus species are ecological niches for rust pathogens of pear, apple and quince.
Verbatim
e1“Seven species of Juniperus L. are ecological niches for rust pathogens of pear, apple and quince”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathological complex on Juniperus L. involved four Gymnosporangium pathogens.
- Taxon
- Juniperus L.e7
- Interactor
- GymnosporangiumGymnosporangiume7pathogen
- Outcome
- pathological complexe7
- Value
- foure7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The microscopic analysis of the affected organs of species of the genus Juniperus L. with the signs of rust reveal that the pathological complex involved four pathogens of the genus Gymnosporangium, which are the causative agents of pip fruit trees rust.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gymnosporangium sabinae dominated the Gymnosporangium pathogen complex in the affected organs of pear.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise2
- Interactor
- G. sabinae G. Winter
Gymnosporangium sabinaee2pathogen - Outcome
- pathological complexe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Microscopic studies found several species of pathogens of the genus Gymnosporangium, namely G. sabinae G. Winter, G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof., G. confusum Plowr., dominated by G. sabinae G. Winter that in the pathological complex of the affected organs of the pear there are.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pear rust prevalence was insignificant, within 3–5 %.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise0
- Interactor
- GymnosporangiumGymnosporangiumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalence of pathologye2
- Value
- 3–5 %e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2008, we detected symptoms of rust on pip fruit trees in the form of single yellow spots on pear leaves in orchards of different ages and forms of ownership.”
e2“The prevalence of pathology was insignifcant within 3–5 %.”
t1“genus Gymnosporangium pathology spread”